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Medicinal plants (PG 101)                                        Level 1                              Clinical Pharmacy-PharmD



                  Acetyl-CoA, enters the cycle, charging NADH and ATP. In the case of the Krebs

                  cycle, another battery molecule, FAD, is charged, making FADH2.



                    The Krebs cycle is a series of ten enzymatic reactions.

                         Each molecule of Acetyl-CoA combines with the oxaloacetate (4 carbon) to

                         make Citric acid. Citric acid has six carbons.





                    In a series of five (5) enzymatic reactions, Citric acid has two more CO2 split off,

                                          +
                      and charges NAD  into NADH.








                    We now have a 4-carbon molecule called succinyl-CoA. Succinyl-CoA now runs

                      through two more reactions to produce ATP, FADH2, and an energy reduced 4-

                      carbon compound. At the end of the Krebs cycle, one last bit of energy is squeezed


                      out of the 4-carbon compound, producing NADH and oxaloacetate.











                  ✓  Finally, oxaloacetate is recycled back into the Krebs cycle, being energized by

                      another Acetyl-CoA. The Krebs cycle is summarized below.








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