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Clinical pharmacy PharmD program Third level Phytochemistry-1 (PG-504)

As early as 1944, when streptomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, was

isolated, it was a naturally occurring antibiotics contained carbohydrate moieties.

In the last 40 years, the number of known carbohydrate-containing antibiotics,

having in most cases unusual amino-, desoxy- and branched chain

monosaccharides, has increased rapidly.

Classification of Carbohydrate-containing antibiotics

I. Largely or completely carbohydrates in nature “Aminoglycoside”:

II. Having carbohydrate as small part of the molecule but is essential:

e.g: Macrolide antibiotics

III. Miscellaneous:

I. Completely carbohydrates in nature “Aminoglycoside”

• In 1944, streptomycin was isolated, It is:

• An aminoglycoside, particularly isolated from genus Streptomyces,

e.g.: streptomycin, kanamycin, neomycin, gentamycin. Amikacin is a

semi-synthetic derivative of kanamycin.

Chemical composition:

• The aminoglycoside antibiotics are characterized by the presences of

• 1,3-diaminoinositol derivative: streptidine, 2-deoxystreptamine or

spectinamine

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