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Clinical pharmacy PharmD program Third level Phytochemistry-1 (PG-504)

Chemistry, spectrum, potency, toxicity and pharmacokinetics:

• Aminoglycosides are basic, freely water soluble.

• They are not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.

• When given orally, their action is primarily confined to the gastrointestinal

tract

• They are excreted in active form in fairly large amounts in the urine.

• They are more commonly given intramuscularly or by perfusion.

• They act directly on the bacterial ribosome, where they inhibit protein

synthesis.

Side effects

• The undesirable side effects particularly nephrotoxicity, have lid to

restrictions in their systemic use.

a) Streptidine aminoglycosides (Streptomycin)

• Streptomycin is produced by Streptomyces griseus. It was introduced in 1944

primarily for the treatment of tuberculosis.

• It is rarely used today as a single agent, but with other primary drugs for

tuberculosis such as isonicotinic acid hydrazide, rifampin and p-aminosalicylic

acid. Usually treatment is long.

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