Page 63 - PG 504-theoretical notes-phyto-1-2024-2025..

Clinical pharmacy PharmD program Third level Phytochemistry-1 (PG-504)

Derivatives of Monosaccharides

1) Sugar Alcohols:

There are two groups of sugar alcohol:

a) Alditols. b) Cyclic derivatives

a) Alditols: (see above)

▪ They are obtained by reduction of potential aldehyde group of the neutral

monosaccharides, using sodium amalgam or catalytic hydrogenation.

i. Mannitol:

▪ Mannitol is naturally obtained from manna (the dried saccharine exudate from

Fraxinus ornus “Fam. Oleaceae). Manna contains up to 50% mannitol

▪ Or/ It is obtained by reduction of mannose

Use:

1) Mannitol is used as a diagnostic aid for kidney functions.

2) Osmotic diuretic “I.V.” to reduce cerebral edema, reduce cranial hypertension

3) Orally, manna is used as laxative.
4) Mannitol hexanitrate is used as a coronary vasodilator (oral dose 30 mg daily).

5) Mannitol-nitrogen mustard is an antineoplastic agent (dose 50-100 mg I.V.)

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