Page 89 - fourth year book

MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH CARE (MCH)

 Contracted pelvis.
IV. Risk factors at time of labour:
 Rupture of uterus.
 Premature separation of placenta.

 Difficult or prolonged labour.
 Uterine inertia.
 Premature labour.
 Abnormal presentation.

Maternal Health Indices

Maternal Health Indices are used to evaluate the improvement in

women’s health status. They reflect the quality of maternity health
services. It include: Maternal mortality ratio and perinatal mortality rate.

A. Maternal mortality ratio (MMR):

Is the number of maternal deaths associated with pregnancy,
labour and puerperium in a given area in a given year per 100000 live

births in the same area and year.

No of maternal deaths during pregnancy, labour &
puerperium in a given area and year.
MMR=

Total no of live births in the same area & year × 100000

According to WHO 2015, MMR in Egypt is 33 / 100000

Causes of Maternal Mortality

Direct causes:-
1- Hemorrhage.

2- Pregnancy induced hypertension.
3- Infection (puerperal sepsis)
4- Rupture uterus
5- Cesarean section
6- Obstructed labor
Indirect causes:-
1- Cardiac diseases rheumatic heart

2- Anemia
3- Renal failure

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