Page 266 - BUKU A CENTURY OF PARLIAMENTARY LIFE IN INDONESIA

THE DYNAMICS AND ROLES OF DPR-RI IN IMPROVING THE LIFE OF THE NATION
IN THE REFORMATION ERA (1998-2018)

As a result, the 2004 general election was not a satisfying one for
women’s groups and had shown that it was difficult for women
candidates to obtain 30 percent of the voter distribution number (BPP).
The majority of legislative candidates in the 2004 General Election (87.5
percent) only managed to get no more than 10 percent of the votes.
For candidates who did not reach the BPP number, a serial number
mechanism was applied. This applied to all candidates for members of
the DPR and DPRD.

In fact, since 2003, a 30 percent quota had been regulated for women,
which was accommodated in Law Number 12 of 2003 concerning Gen-
eral Elections. The law stated, “Every political party participating in the
general election may nominate candidates for members of DPR, Provin-
cial DPRD, and Regency/Municipal DPRD for each electoral district by
taking into account the representation of women of at least 30 percent.”

The representation of women significantly increased after the enactment
of the provisions for their representation through the 2009 Election Law.
Even though the representation rules were not taken seriously by par-
ties, indications of representation had shown an increase in the number.
Women’s representation only reached 9 percent in the 1999 election and
11.09 percent in the 2004 election, while it had increased by 7 percent

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