Page 190 - Transformasi Masyarakat Indonesia dan Historiografi Indonesia Modern

Transformasi Masyarakat Indonesia...

people adhered Islam are as consequences of the successfully
process of Islamization in Indonesia which had begun since the
sixteenth century. As shown by many scholars who studies on
6
Islam in this period, such as G.W.J Drewes, A.H. John, C.
5
Snouck Hurgronje, and M.C. Ricklefs, there are several re-
8
7
markable historical phenomena during the process of Islamiza-
tion took place. First, that actually Islamization process had
occurred a long before the sixteenth century, but increasingly
spread largely over many areas in the archipelago in the six-
teenth century coincided with the decline of the Hindu Bud-
dhist Majapahit Kingdom. This was followed by the emergence
of the several Muslim Kingdoms in the archipelago, such as
Malaka, Aceh, Demak, Banten, Cirebon, Mataram, Makasar,
Ternate and Tidore. Second, during the sixteenth century up
9
to the eighteenth century these Muslim states had not only been
growing to be a new political centers as well as a new economic
centers, international maritime commercial trade centers but
had also developed to be a new cultural centers, succeeded the
former center for the Hindu Buddhist culture. Third, the pal-
ace of the Muslim kingdom (kerajaan) became the center for the
cultural integration between the preislamic and Islamic culture,
by which in the later emerged the Malay Muslim polity and
Malay Muslim culture as well as the Javanese Muslim polity
and Javanese Muslim culture. Fourth, along this period the

5 G.W.J. Drewes, “New Light on Coming of Islam to Indonesia” in
Ahmad Ibrahim at all. (eds), Readings on Islam in Southeast Asia (Singapore:
ISEAS, 1985), pp. 7 – 19.
6 A. John, “Islam in Southeast Asia: Problem and Perspective” in
Ahmad Ibrahim at all., Ibid., pp. 20 – 24.
7 See C. Snouck Hurgronje, “Jawah Ulama in Mekka in the Late Nine-
teenth Century” in Ahmad Ibrahim, at all., Ibid., pp 70 – 77.
8 M.C. Ricklefs, A History of Modern Indonesia, since c. 1200 (Houndmils,
etc.: Palgrave, 2001), pp. 3 – 17.
9 Ibid. pp. 36 – 58.

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