Page 207 - Transformasi Masyarakat Indonesia dan Historiografi Indonesia Modern

Djoko Suryo

into four groups, such as the fundamentalist, the reformist, the
accomodationist, and the cultural Islam groups. From the dis-
cussion above, we can identify that the origin and the develop-
ment of these classifications, can be related to the influences
coming from the Middle Eastern Muslim world during the long
course of history and also very important which was coming
from the Indonesian historical experience from the beginning
of the coming of Islam to Indonesia.
One of the perspective of some studies on the contemporary
Islam often directed to answer upon the question on whether Is-
lam able to walk away coincide with the modern political system
where the idea of the nation state is one of the important ele-
ments. Considering that Islam is the multi interpretative religion
so that the response of the question can be positive or negative, it
depend on the perspective of Islam is employed in the analysis of
the problem. In the history of the political relationship between
Islam and the state which has along process, it will be depend on
the emphasis on the discourse of politics Islam itself.
The contribution of the Modern Muslim Intellectuals in the
process of the contemporary political history, actually can be
identified in the period of revolution (1945 1950), constitutional
democracy or liberal democracy (1950 1957), Guided Democra-
cy (1957 1965), and New Order (1966 1990s). From some stud-
ies this period shows that the Islamic articulation which were
formalistic and legalistic, especially in the frame of idealism
and activism, had played an important role in the shape of the
relationship which characterized by suspicion and unharmo-
nious relation between Islam and state.
Nevertheless, that not all Indonesian Muslims supported
to the Islamic politics which was characterise with the Islamic
“holistic”, such as launched By Jamal al Din al Afghani with his
political ideology of Pan-Islamism. Some of the thinkers and
political activists in Indonesia who more concerned to the unity
state of Republic Indonesia tried to moderate the idea of the

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