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King, Martin Luther, Jr., 686–687, Lehman Brothers, 768 Maddox (ship), 706 Meat Inspection Act (1906), 543
687, 693, 700, 700–701, 704, 712 Leisure and entertainment, 439–440, Madero, Francisco I., 561 Meatpacking industry, 417, 518, 543
King, Rodney, 755 522–524, 675–680 Magazines: in Progressive era, Mechanization. See Industrial Revo-
Kiowa Indians, 377, 380, 382–383 Lend-Lease, 632, 636 503–505 lution; Industrial society
Kissinger, Henry, 722, 726 Lenin, V. I., 567 Maggie: A Girl of the Streets (Crane), Media. See specific types
Kitty Hawk (NC), 477 Lesbians. See Gay rights 471 Medicaid, 704–705
Klamath Indians, 380 Levitt, William, 673–674 Magnesium industry, 586 Medicare, 704, 772
Klan. See Ku Klux Klan Levittown, 673, 673–675 Mahan, Alfred Thayer, 488, 494 Medicine, and medical science, 439,
Knights of Labor, 421 Lewinsky, Monica, 758 Maher, Bridget, 730 441, 446, 543
Knights of the White Camellia, 371 Lewis, John L., 617–618 Mail-order houses, 418, 512 Mekong Delta, 709
Knox, Frank, 642 Lewis, Sinclair, 587 Maine (ship), 489 Mellon, Andrew, 598–599
Knox, Philander C., 559 Leyte Gulf, battle at, 646 Malaya, 634 Melting Pot, The (Zangwill), 453
Kodak camera, 415 Liberals and liberalism. See also Management: business growth and, Melting pot image, 453, 515
Korean Americans, 755 Democratic party; New Deal; 509–510; Rockefeller and, 414 Memphis (TN), 360
Korean War, 662–664, 664, 676 Progressivism: in 1920s, 586, 590; Manchuria, 645, 661, 662 Mencken, H. L., 432
Ku Klux Klan, 370, 371, 592–595 Reagan challenge to, 720, 743; Manhattan Project, 647 Menominee Indians, 380
Kurds, in Iraq, 767 World War II and, 631–632 Manila: burial, 490; in Spanish- Meredith, James, 699
Kuwait, Gulf War and, 746–747, Liberals and liberalism: Johnson and, American War, 495–496; in World Mergers, 415
750–751 702–706, 717 War II, 646 Methodists, 596
Kyoto Protocol, 765 Liberty Bonds, 573 Mann Act (1910), 534 Metropolitan Opera, 440
Lichtman, Allan J., 600 Mann-Elkins Act (1910), 546 Meuse-Argonne, battle at, 569
L Life expectancy: early twentieth Mansfield, Arabella, 419 Mexicans and Mexican Americans:
Labor: advancements, children and, century, 521; late nineteenth Mao Zedong, 661, 662 activism and, 712–714; border
century, 438
418–420, 455, 470, 512–513, 513; “Lift Ev’ry Voice and Sing,” 574 March on Washington, 700, 701, crossings and, 516, 596, 753–754;
immigrants and, 514–518; indus- Liggetts drugstores, 585 712 early twentieth century, 516,
trial society and, 405, 418–420, Liliuokalani (Queen of Hawaii), Mariana Islands, 661 516, 575; Great Depression and,
420, 509–510, 518–520, 519; New 485, 485 Marijuana, 711 606–607, 619; late twentieth
Deal and, 612–613, 618–619; post Limited test ban treaty (1963), 697 Marin, John, 524 century, 753–754; New Deal and,
World War II, 676; protests/unrest, Lincoln, Native Americans and, 377; Marketing, 417–418, 583, 585 619; in World War I, 574; during
422–425, 423, 424, 518–520. See reconstruction and, 355–356 Market(s), overseas, 482, 488 World War II, 643
also Strikes; system, contract, 366; Lincoln Memorial, 618, 619 Marne, battle of, 569 Mexico: empire and, 483–484
women and. See Women; World Lindberg, Charles, 588 Marriage: in 1970s, 730; post World Miami (FL), 752
War I and, 573–575 Lindsay, Vachel, 524 War II, 677; same-sex, 730, 734, Michigan, University of, 771
Labor, U.S. Department of, 551 Lindsey, Ben, 536 771; during World War II, 641 Microbiology, 439
Labor unions, 421–422; Clayton Literacy and literacy tests: African Marshall, George C., 637, 638, 646, Middle class: Great Depression and,
Antitrust Act and, 550–551; indus- Americans and, 457, 513–514; 656, 659–660, 661, 668 607; late nineteenth century, 440;
trial society and, 422–425; New immigration and, 518, 595; nine- Marshall, Thurgood, 683, 699 post World War II suburbs and,
Deal and, 618–619; post World teenth century, 442, 457 Marshall Islands, 638, 646, 661 676; woman, 439
War II, 664–665; Wagner Act and, Literature, changing themes in, 471 Marshall Plan, 655, 659, 676 Middle East: Arab-Israeli conflicts
617–618; Wilson and, 551, 552 Little Bighorn, battle of, 377, 384, Marxism, 590 in, 726; immigrants from, 756;
Labrador, 20 387 Massachusetts Institute of Technol- Iran and, 729, 742; Iraq and,
Ladies’ Home Journal, 441, 503 Little Rock (AR), 685 ogy (MIT), 432 746–747, 750–751, 765–767; oil
LaFeber, Walter, 481 Little Women (Alcott), 471 Mass consumption, 521. See also and, 726–728
La Follette, Robert M., 539, 543, 545, Livestock. See Cattle and cattle Consumers and consumerism Middle West, 751
567 ranching Mass production, 509–510, 521; Midway Islands, battle of, 638
LaGuardia, Fiorello, 643 Lloyd George, David, 577 Ford Motor Company and, 505, Migrants and migration. See also Ex-
Laissez-faire, 373 Lodge, Henry Cabot, 576, 578, 579, 507, 581, 581–583; of housing, pansion and expansionism; West,
Land: conservation of, 543–544 595 673–674 trans-Mississippi: African Ameri-
Land grants: Homestead Act and, Lodge Corollary, 559 Mass society: affluence in the 1950s can (North to South), 754; African
390; railroads and, 390, 407 London, Jack, 471 and, 675–680; in Progressive Era, American (South to North), 430,
Land-grant universities, 443 Long, Huey, 615 510–518 522, 575, 585; to cities, 453; in De-
Lansing, Robert, 564, 576 Looking Backward (Bellamy), 449 Mass transit, 432 pression and New Deal, 619; farm
Laos, 710 Los Angeles (CA), 522, 643, 712, Masters, Edgar Lee, 524 workers as, 511, 512, 516, 520, 619,
Laotian Americans, 755 714, 755 Materialism, 425, 675–680, 710 712–714; Indians and forced, 387;
Las Guasimas, battle at, 495 Louisiana: Hurricane Katrina and, McCain, John, 768 late twentieth century, 751, 774;
Lathrop, Julia, 518 754, 755 McCall’s (magazine), 677 Mexican- Americans and, 575,
Latin America: foreign policy ap- "Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" McCarthy, Joseph R., 667–669, 619; World War II and, 641–644
proaches to, 484, 558–559, 560–561 (Eliot), 524 668, 670 Military. See also Armed Forces;
Latinos. See Hispanics; specific groups Loyalty oaths, 675 McCarthyism, 667–669, 668, 670 National Guard: Cold War and,
Lawrence (MA), 520 Loyalty Review Board, 667 McClure, Samuel S., 503–505 659–660, 676, 749; spending, 676,
Lawrence v. Texas, 733 LSD, 711 McClure’s Magazine, 503, 503–505 693, 740
Leadville (CO), 394 Lusitania (ship), 555, 555–557, 564 McCord, James, 724 Military districts in Reconstruction
League for the Protection of the Luxembourg, 630 McCormick Harvester, 423 South, 361, 361, 363, 458
Family, 470 Lynchings, 447, 448, 595, 622, 681 McCoy, Joseph G., 395 Military-industrial complex, 672,
League of Latin American Citizens, McDowell, Mary, 518 676
753 McFarlane, Robert, 742 Military Information Division of
League of Nations, 566, 577, 627, 629 M McGovern, George S., 724, 724 War Department, 495
League to Limit Armament, 563 MacArthur, Douglas, 609, 634, 638, McKinley, William: assassination Millis, Walter, 629
Lean Bear (chief), 377–379 646, 661, 662, 664 of, 477, 539; domestic presidency Mines and mining, 380, 382,
Leary, Timothy, 711 Machines, 403–405, 443–454. See of, 475–477, 478; election of 1896 383–385, 393; bonanza, 391–394
Lease, Mary E., 465, 466, 512 also Industrial society; Inventions and, 472, 474; foreign policy of, Minorities. See also Ethnic groups:
Lebanon. See Iran-Contra affair and inventors 485–486, 489–491, 496–500 New Deal and, 618–620; World
Lee, Alice, 439 Machines (political). See Political McKinley Tariff Act (1890), 459, 485 War II and, 644
Lee, Robert E., 406 machines/ organizations McManes, James, 436 Minor v. Happersett, 457
Legal system and profession: progres- Mackay, John W., 393 McNamara, Robert, 698, 705, 708 MIRVs. See Multiple independently
sivism and, 536 Macy, R. H., 418 McPherson, Aimee Semple, 596 targeted reentry: vehicles (MIRVs)
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