Page 772 - Environment: The Science Behind the Stories

marine pollution, 450–455 Sonoran Desert, 115 mitigation, 525
marine life endangered by, 450–454 transgenic maize, 262–263 mixed economies, 159
nutrient, 455 Yaqui Valley, 396–397 Mizner Park, Boca Raton, Florida, 363f
oil, 454–455 Mexico City, Mexico, 467–468, 483f, 484–485, moai (statues), Easter Island, 24f, 25f
toxic pollutants, 455 485f model, 133
marine protected areas (MPAs), 461 Michigan climate, 508–509, 512–513, 512f
marine reserves, 461 Escanaba, 325 modeling, ecological, 133, 134f
design of, 462–463, 462f forest, 326f, 340f molecular biology, 28
fishers and, 462 Kalamazoo River oil spill, 560 molecules, 43–44
market dynamics, 200 logging, 340f Molina, Mario, 484, 488–489, 488f
market failure, 172–173 Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, 344f monoculture, 236, 266, 266f
market incentives, 202 Upper Peninsula, 326–327, 340, 343 Monsanto, 262, 282, 284–286
market mechanisms, climate change and, micronutrients, 129 Montana, 516f
530–531 Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 52 montane spruce-fir forest, 118f
marshes, 413 Middle East, 235, 540 Montgomery, David, 241
Martin, Steve, 467 Middlebury College, 678, 679, 681 Montreal Protocol, 196, 490, 490f
mass extinction events, 77 Midwestern United States, 110f. See also spe- Moore, Charles, 452
dinosaurs, 77 cific states moose (Alces alces), 117
Earth’s episodes of, 77 climate change, impacts of, 523f Morocco, 656f
K-T mass extinction, 77 prairie restoration, 110, 110f Morrison, Doug, 120–121
sixth, 77–78 Milankovitch, Milutin, 505 mosaic, 132
mass number, 42 Milankovitch cycles, 505–506, 505f mosquitos, 67, 387
mass transit, 363–365 Millennium Development Goals, 175 Mount Hood National Forest, Oregon, 346f
mass wasting, 60 Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 33, 33t, 77 Mount Kilauea, 59, 59f
materials recovery facilities (MRFs), 635 301, 684 Mount Mitchell, North Carolina, 492f
matter, 41–47 Millennium Seed Bank, 271 Mount Pinatubo, 59
Maximenko, Nikolai, 452–453, 452f mimicry, 96f Mount Rainier National Park, 341
maximum sustainable yield, 333, 333f, 461 Mineral Leasing Act of 1920, 664 Mount St. Helens, 108–109, 108f, 109f, 475f
Maya, environmental degradation, 23 mineral resources, 653–657 Mount Tambora, 59
Maya Biosphere Reserve, Guatemala, 345, 345f products made with, 654 mountain lions, 101–102
McCall, Tom, 354 mineral(s), 54, 653–657 mountain pine beetles, 339f
McKinney Flats, 252–253 consumption, 654f, 655f, 665 mountaintop removal mining, 560, 560f,
McKinsey and Company, 332 deposits of, 656f 659–663, 660f
Meadows, Donella, 354 discovery of new reserves of, 665 environmental impacts, 660f, 662–663,
meat consumption extraction technologies, 665 663f
ecological footprint, 64 fossils, 73 water pollution and, 660–661
per capita production, 267f mining, 652–667 Muir, John, 156, 156f
Mediterranean Sea, 117 nonmetallic, 656–657 municipal solid waste, 628, 629–640, 629f
chaparral, 117 soil profile, 237 composting, 634–635
megafauna, 76f use, sustainable, 664–667, 665f disposal methods, 630–633
Megatons to Megawatts, 582 mining, 652–667, 654 dumping, 630
meltdown, 577 coal, 560, 560f, 658f, 660f Edmonton reduction/recycling program,
Memmott, Jane, 274 coltan ore, 652–653, 659, 659f 638–639
Mendel, Gregor, 70 copper, 658f incineration, 633–634, 633f
Merck pharmaceutical company, 310 General Mining Act of 1872, 664 recycling, 635–649
mercury contamination, 455 methods, 656–664 reducing, 634, 638–639
mesosphere, 469f mountaintop removal, 560, 659–661, reusing, 634
metal(s), 654–655 662–663, 663f trash-tracking, 638–639, 638f, 639f
heavy, 642 ocean, 661 musk oxen (Ovibos moschatus), 116
leaching of heavy metals, 646, 646f open pit, 658–659, 658f mutagens, 387
processing, 655–656 placer, 659, 659f mutations, DNA, 68
metamorphic rock, 54f, 55f, 56 restoration (reclamation) of sites, 661, 664 mutualism, 94t, 98, 98f
metapopulation, 132 solution, 661 Myers, J.P., 396
methane, 44, 46 strip, 657 Myers, Ransom, 459
as greenhouse gas, 502-486, 503f, 504f, 508f subsurface, 658
in natural gas, 543 Surface Mining Control and Reclamation
near gas drilling sites, 184, 185f Act, 661, 664 N
methane hydrate, 544, 554 minke whales, 318–319, 319f NAFTA. See North American Free Trade
Metro (Metropolitan Service District, Oregon), missing carbon sink, 140–141 Agreement
354–355, 361 Mississippi River Nagasaki, Japan, 114f
metropolitan areas, populations, 356t flooding, 407, 420f Nalepa, Tom, 93
Mexico groundwater, 411 Namib Desert, Africa, 115
air pollution, 481, 484–485 Gulf of Mexico interactions with, 428–429 Nasheed, Mohamed, 501
ecological footprint, 32f, 38 levees, 407 national ambient air quality standards
environmental footprint, 231t nutrient pollution, 146, 254 (NAAQS), 478
garment factory, 196f wetlands, 408f National Biodiversity Institute of Costa Rica
NAFTA, 196f wetlands drainage, 256 (INBio), 310 INDEX
organic agriculture, 278, 278f, 288 zebra mussels in, 94 National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), 181,
population control policy, 224 Mississippi River Basin Initiative, 256 192–193
Sierra de Manantlan Biosphere Reserve, MIT, 681 National Forest Management Act, 337
270–271 mite (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus), 87f national forests, 334 I-13

Z09_WITH7428_05_SE_INDEX.indd 13 13/12/14 11:39 AM