Page 775 - Environment: The Science Behind the Stories
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Peru, 25 plastic debris, 450–453, 451f society and, 220–228
pesticide(s), 273 plastics, 47 stability, 686
airborne transport of, 390 bisphenol A, 377 suburban growth, 357
child development and, 396–397, 396f, 397f as petroleum products, 550f The Population Bomb (Ehrlich, Paul), 210
DDT, 26–27, 26f plate boundaries, 52–54 population ecology, 78, 79–87
pest resistance to, 273, 273f convergent, 53, 53f population growth rate, 84
water contamination, 386f divergent, 52, 53f Portland, Oregon
pest(s), 272, 273f earthquakes and, 58 growth, managing, 354–355
agriculture and, 272 transform, 52, 53f growth of, 357f
biological control agents, 274 plate tectonics, 52, 54 public transit, 364f
forests and, 339–340, 339f boundaries, 53f Portugal, 613f
pesticide resistance, 273, 273f landforms and, 54 positive feedback loop, 124f, 125
petroleum poaching, 303f climate change and, 505
hydrocarbons, 47 point source pollution, 426, 427f post-industrial stage (demographic transition),
products, 550f Poland, 656f 220
Pfund, Nancy, 603 polar bears (Ursus maritimus), 116 potassium
pH, 45–46 Arctic warming and, 307f nitrogen cycle, 144
acid deposition, 492 polar cells, 473 percentage of earth, 42t
scale, 46f polar jet stream, 515 potential energy, 48, 48f, 49f
soil, 238–239 polar regions, solar energy and, 470f POTICO. See Palm Oil Timber and Carbon
phase shift, 106 policy, 182. See also specific policies Offsets
Philadelphia, 357 acid deposition, 492–493 poverty, fertility rates and, 225, 225f
Philippines, 59 central role, 182f prairie, 113–114
Phillips, Chet, 676 philosophical approaches to toxic substances prairie restoration, 110, 110f
Phillips, Julie, 672–673 and, 400–402 Pratt, H. Douglas, 66
Phillips, Ryan, 673f population growth, 210–211 precautionary principle, 283
philosophical approaches, 400–402 sustainability, 684–685 precedents, 188
Phoenix, Arizona, 370–371 toxic substances and, 401 precipitation, 139. See also acid rain
phosphates, 130, 130f political science, 26f biomes and, 112f
phosphorus (P) pollination, 98, 98, 98f climate change and, 514, 515f
cycle, 145, 145f by hand, 271f predation, 94t, 96
percentage in organisms, 42t pollinators, 272 predator(s), 96
pollution, 123 polluter-pays principle, 186, 646 keystone species, 102
sources entering Chesapeake Bay, 126, 127f pollution paired cycles, 96f
photic zone, 444 air pollutants, 476f, 477f predatory sea star (Pisaster ochraceus), 102
photochemical smog, 483, 483f biodiversity loss and, 303 predictions, 28f, 29, 30f
photosynthesis, 50, 50f of Great Lakes, 93 pre-industrial stage (demographic transition),
photovoltaic (PV) cells hydrofracking, 183f, 190f, 557, 559 220
energy generation, 608, 608f freshwater, 426–434 prescribed burning, 28, 28f, 338–339
global production, 608–609, 609f from livestock agriculture, 269 preservation, 38th century, 156–157
photovoltaic (PV) solar technology, 608–609 indoor air, 493–496 preservation ethic, 156
photovoltaic (PV) systems, 608–609 marine, 450–455 prey, 96
phthalates, 388, 389f monitoring, 190f paired cycles with prey, 96f
phylogenetic trees, 72, 72f outdoor air, 474–486 primary consumers, 98–99, 99f
physical hazards, 378–379 policy approaches, 198f primary extraction, 552, 552f
phytoplankton, 93, 450f shale gas drilling, 183f primary forest, 329–330, 329f
in Chesapeake Bay, 123, 136 sprawl and, 359 primary pollutants, 475
in Great Lakes, 99–100 urban centers, 369 primary producers, 50
zebra mussel predation on, 96 U.S. environmental policy responding to, 192 primary production, 129
Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, Michigan, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 385 primary succession, 103, 103f
341, 343, 344f polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 391 primary treatment, 432
pika (Ochotona princeps), 519f polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 47 private lands, 334–335
Pimentel, David, 120–121, 591 polymers, 47 privatization, 183
Pinchot, Gifford, 156, 156f, 334 polynesian rat (Rattus exulans), 306f Proceedings of the National Academy of Sci-
pine trees, 106 ponds, 106, 412 ences, 45, 184–185, 343
pine woodland, 118f pool, nutrient, 135 producers, 98, 99f
pineapple (Ananas comosus), 310f poplars, 586f productivity, 129
pioneer species, 103, 106 Popular Science, 386 arid lands, 241–242
Pisaster ochraceus. See predatory sea star population, 67, 78f. See also human population profundal zone, 412
placer mining, 659, 659f age structure, 81 protected areas
Plan of Chicago (Burnham), 361 birth and death rates, 84 218 climate change and, 350
plantation forestry, 335 demographics, 84 ocean, 461
plant(s) density, 80–81, 82f, 95 proteins, 47
consumption, 64 distribution, 81, 81f protons, 42, 42f
consumption pyramid pattern, 100 ecology, 78, 79–87 proven recoverable reserve, 545
cover, 246 environmental impact and, 32–33 proxy indicators, 506–507, 507f
cover crops and no-till agriculture, 233–234 growth, 84–85, 85f public lands, 334–335, 334f
Easter Island extinction, 24–25 rural vs. urban growth, 355f public policy, 182. See also policy
pharmaceutical sources, 310f separation, 72 pumped storage, 592
photosynthesis, 50, 50f sex ratio, 81 purchasing choices
I-16 soil support for, 234–235 size, 80 campus sustainability, 680
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