Page 778 - Environment: The Science Behind the Stories

solutions, 44 state governments campus, 34–35, 35f, 671–683
Sonoran Desert, 115 climate change policy, 530 as college course requirement, 35–36
altitude and, 117, 118f environmental policy made by, 189–190 190f consumption and, 32–33, 460
source reduction, 628 The Statues That Walked (Hunt and Lipo), 25 corporate, 173–174
South Africa, 656f Steadman, David, 24 De Anza College campus, 671–673, 671f
South America steady-state economy, 168 See also economy/ development, 683
chaparral, 117 economies economic growth, 165–167
and Easter Island, 24–25 Stegner, Wallace, 341 environmental economists and, 168
no-till agriculture, 243–244, 246 steppe, 113–114 ethanol, 587–588
savanna, 115 Stern, Nicholas, 166, 166f fertilizer use, 254–255
tropical dry forest, 115 Stetson University, 673 human population growth, 227–228
tropical rainforest, 114 stickleback, 105f market dynamics, 200
South Carolina beach, 188–189, 189f stone soils, 116 projections, 168f
South Korea, 319, 619 storage technique, 592 Wal-Mart efforts, 174f
Southeast Asia storm, hazards, 474, 474f sustainable agriculture, 234, 266–267
Angkor civilization, 23 strata, 56 fertilizer use, 254–255
tropical rainforest, 114, 332f stratigraphy, 56 food production, 286–288
soybeans, 244, 245, 281 Stratigraphy Commission of the Geological irrigation, 251
Spain Society of London, 56 sustainable cities, 353–375
solar radiation, 612f stratosphere, 469, 469f green buildings and, 366, 367f, 367t, 368
wind power, 613f stratospheric ozone sustainable development, 174–175, 683
specialists, 79 layer Antarctic, 487–489, 487f goals, 175f
specialization, 79 Strayer, David, 104–105, 104f sustainable fishing, 460, 460f
speciation, 71 streams, 411–412 sustainable forest certification, 340–341
allopatric, 71 strip mining, 545f, 657, 657f sustainable forestry, 340–341
extinction and, 80f The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (Kuhn), certification standards, 340t
species, 67, 295 31 sustainable harvesting, 345f
captive breeding, 315–316 subcanopy, 327, 327f sustainable mineral use, 664–667
cloning, 315–316 subduction, 53–54 sustainable paper, 325–326
coexistence, 95 zones, 59 sustainable solutions, 34, 683–688
ethical obligations toward others, 312 subsidies, 199–200 Sutley, Nancy, 407
groups, 296, 296f fossil fuel, 200f Svalbard Global Seed Vault, Norway, 271, 271f
incomplete knowledge of, 296–297 subsistence agriculture, 236 Swahn, Erika, 673
introduced, 87–88, 107f subsistence economy, 159 Swamp Lands Act, 256
invasive, 107f, 110 subsurface mining, 657f, 658 Sweden
keystone, 101–102, 102f suburbs, 355 alternative energy in, 570f, 571–572
rainforest, 349f growth, 357 BPA ban, 378
reintroduction, 315–316 spread of, 357 ecological footprint, 38
trophic level, 99f standard approaches, 359f nuclear industry, 582
umbrella, 316 succession, 103, 106, 108–109, 108f swidden agriculture, 239, 239f
vulnerability of, to extinction, 77 sudden oak death (Phytophthora ramorum), 306f Swiss Zero Emissions Research and Initiatives
Species at Risk Act (SARA), 314–315 sugarcane ethanol, 587, 587f (ZERI) Foundation, 641
species coexistence, 95 Sugg, Patrick, 109 switchgrass, 592f
species diversity, 295, 295f sulfur, 42t Switzer, Victoria, 180, 181
species extinction, 80f sulfur dioxide (SO ), 476–477, 476f, 477f symbiosis, 98
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species interactions, 94–98 acid deposition, 491f synergistic effects, 395
communities and, 93–94 science and, 20–38 synthetic chemicals, 385–386, 386f
competition and, 94–95 smog and, 483 exposure, 386–387
effects, 94t Sumatra, 61f in our bodies, 386
exploitative, 96 sun routes through environment, 391f
herbivory, 97–98, 97f climate and, 503f stratospheric ozone depletion and, 487
mutualism, 98, 98f light energy, 49–50, 49f system(s), 127. See also specific systems
parasitism, 97 solar output, 506 sustainability solutions, 688
predation, 96 sunlight, 124f 22 Syswerda, S.P., 248
zebra mussels and, 93–94 Superfund, 194, 645
species-area curves, 347 Superfund sites, 645–646
spotted owl (Strix occidentalis), 114 supply, 161–162 T
sprawl, 357–360 supply-and-demand, 161f taiga, 117
causes, 358 fresh water, 423 Tansley, Arthur, 128
economics and, 360 Supreme Court, U.S., 186, 188, 198, 528 tantalite, 655f
health and, 359 surface impoundments, 645, 656, 656f tantalum, 655f
land use and, 359–360 Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act, Tanzania, Africa, 38. See also Africa, 304
in Las Vegas, 358f 661, 664 ecotourism, 311
pollution and, 359 surface water, 139, 409 parks and protected areas, 316–317, 344
ranchland, protecting, 256 diverted, 420 tap water, bottled water vs., 418
transportation and, 359 ocean current, 442 tapeworms, 97
St. Croix River, 94 watershed convergence of, 411–412 tar sands, 537. See also oil sands. INDEX
St. Louis, Missouri, 356f survivorship curves, 84, 84f target size, 347f
St. Paul reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), 87f sustainability, 32 taxonomists, 73
Stability of Altered Forest Ecosystems approaches to, 684–688, 684f taxonomy, 28
(SAFE), 349 business responses to, 173–174 species diversity and, 73f I-19

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