Page 774 - Environment: The Science Behind the Stories

Obama, Barack, 187, 188 Exxon Valdez, 171f, 557 P
campaign, 195 Ixtoc blowout, 559 Pacala, Stephen, 527
Chesapeake Bay restoration, 146 Santa Barbara, California, 192 Pacific Islands, 523f
clean energy, 603 oligotrophic water body, 412, 430f Pacific Northwest, U.S., 114
Deepwater Horizon oil spill, 558–559 omnivores, 99 Pacific Ocean, 452f
forest policy, 338 one-child policy (China), 207–208, Easter Island, 24–25
fuel efficiency under, 565 208f sediments, 430f
greenhouse gas emissions, 481 open pit mining, 658–659, 658f Pacific Plate, 52
Keystone XL pipeline, 538 open-water fish species, 104–105, 105f Pacific Remote Islands Marine National
nuclear waste, 582 option value, 169f Monument, 342
Oberlin College, 677 ore, 654–655 Pacific salmon, 270
obesity, 264 Oregon Pacific yew (Taxus brevifolia), 310f
observational science, 27 federally managed land, 344 Pagiola Stefano, 151
observations, 28, 28f GM plants escaped, 282, 286 PAHs. See polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
ocean acidification, 444 Mount Hood National Forest, 346f Paine, Robert, 102
ocean currents, 442, 442f Portland, 354–355 Pakistan, 224f
climate and, 443–444 urban growth boundaries (UGBs), 362f paleoclimate, 506. See also climate
thermohaline circulation, 443f organic agriculture, 275–278 paleontology, 27
ocean energy sources, 618-602 benefits, 275–276, 276f, 277f Palm Oil Timber and Carbon Offsets
ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC), 619 growth, 278, 278f (POTICO), 332
ocean water labeling, 275f, 275t Palmer, Margaret, 662–663
carbon dioxide in, 140 productivity, 276–277 Palumbi, Stephen, 318–319
radioactive content, 45f organic compounds, 46, 46–47 Panama, 298
salts in, 440–441, 441f organic fertilizer, 253, 254f peace parks, 345
oceanography, 26f Organic Food Production Act, 275 Pangaea, 53f, 54
ocean(s), 439–444, 440f. See also specific organismal ecology, 79 paper
oceans organism(s), 78f FSC-certified, 325–326
acidification, 46 community roles, 101–102 production, 324f
climate change and, 444 defenses against toxic substances, recycling, 629f, 636t
current, 442–444 388–389 paper parks, 325–326
dissolved salts, 440–441 drugs/medicines provided by, 310–311 paradigm, 31
emptying, 455–460 genetic variation, 68–69 paradigm shifts, 25, 31
energy sources, 618–620 habitat needs, 79 parasites, 97, 97f
mining, 661 indoor air pollution and living, 495–496 coevolution of hosts and, 97
seafloor topography, 439–440 natural selection, 68 parasitism, 94t, 97
solar energy and water structure, 441–442 physical environment and, 79 parent material, 236
thermal energy stored in, 619 soil formation and, 237 soil formation and, 237
thermohaline circulation and, 443, 443f speciation, 71 parklands, 365–366
vertical movement, 442–443 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries parks, 341–350
Odessa, Ukraine, 113f (OPEC), 561–562 city/urban, 365–366
Odum, Eugene, 79 Orliac, Catherine, 24 creation, 341
Oehlmann, Jörg, 419 Orwell, George, 101 international, 344–345
offshore drilling, 552, 553, 556, 557. See also Osborn Stephen, 184–185, 185f national (U.S.), 341
oil spills Ottichilo, Wilber, 305 particulate matter, 476f, 477, 477f
Ogallala Aquifer, 411f Ouachita National Forest, Arkansas, 28f passenger pigeon (Ectopistes migratorius),
Ohio, 182 Our Stolen Future (Colburn, Dumanoski, 80–81, 80f
Cuyahoga River, 192 Myers), 396 population decline, 85
Lewis Center at Oberlin College, 676f outdoor air pollution, 474 passive solar energy collection, 606
Ohio State University, 681 overfishing, 456. See also fishing patches, 131
oil, 22, 543. See also fossil fuel(s) overgrazing of livestock, 247 Paterson, David, 193
air pollution and, 482f soil degradation and, 246, 250, 250f pathogen pollution, 426–427
discovery, EROI, 542f overharvesting, biodiversity loss and, pathogens, 97
extraction, hydraulic fracturing, 552–553 303 pathway inhibitors, 388
peak, 550–551 overnutrition, 264 PCBs. See polychlorinated biphenyls
prices, 562f overshoot, 23 peace parks, 345
primary extraction, 551, 552f oxygen, 41 peak oil, 550–551
refining, 545 in atmosphere, 468f U.S., 551f
secondary extraction, 552, 552f fossil fuel formation, 543f Peaks of Otter salamander, 77f
uses of, 546–547 ozone depletion and CFCs, 487f Pearson Education, 173, 326, 532
oil drilling percentage of air, 42t peer review, 30–31
environmental impact of, 553 oyster fishery, 122f, 123, 136–137 pelagic ecosystems, 444
offshore, 552, 553, 556, 557 ozone, 44 Pennsylvania, hydraulic fracturing in, 180–182,
oil palm plantations, 332f ozone depletion, 486–490 184–185, 189, 190
oil sands, 537–538, 543-526, 560 Montreal Protocol and, 490 Penobscot River, 422f
extraction methods, 545f ozone hole, 487, 487f periodic table of the elements, 42,
water pollution, 560 ozone layer, 469 Appendix D
oil shale, 554 Antarctic hole in, 487–489 permafrost, 116 INDEX
oil spills, 454–455, 454f, 556–557 in stratosphere, 469 Permian period, mass extinction episode, 77,
Amoco Cadiz, 559 ozone-depleting substances, Appendix E
Deepwater Horizon, 454-437, 454f, 556–559, 486, 487f permit trading, 200–201, 201f
556f, 557f, 558f, 559f Montreal Protocol and, 490 persistent organic pollutants (POPs), 402t I-15

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