Page 779 - Environment: The Science Behind the Stories

technological innovations toxic chemicals, 426 Tropical Forest Conservation Act, 345
energy efficiency, 564–565 toxic pollutants, 455 tropical rainforest, 114, 114f
green initiatives, 686–687 toxic substances biodiversity, 91
mineral extraction, 665 acute vs. chronic exposure, 389 deforestation, 330–331, 330f, 331f
tectonic plates. See plate tectonics airborne, 390 swidden agriculture, 239f
temperate deciduous forest, 113, 113f allergens, 388 troposphere, 469, 469f
temperate grassland, 113–114, 113f carcinogens, 387 tropospheric ozone (O ), 478
3
temperate rainforest, 114, 114f ecosystem services, 392 peak levels, 486f
temperature inversion, 472, 472f endocrine disruptors, 388 true cost accounting, 172
temperature(s) environmental persistence, 390–391 Truong, Jacquelyn Maitram, 672
biomes and, 112f food chain and movement of, 391–392 TSCA. See Toxic Substances Control Act
rising, 510–511, 511f, 514, 514f individual responses to, 389 tsunamis, 40, 40f, 60–61
solar radiation and variation in, 441–442 mutagens, 387 Indonesia, 61f
Ten Hoeve, John, 581 natural defenses, 388–389 Japan, debris from, 453f
teratogens, 387 naturally occuring, 387 in United States, 60
terracing, 244, 245f neurotoxins, 388 tundra, 116, 116f
terrestrial biomes, 113–117 pathway inhibitors, 388 alpine, 116
terrestrial ecosystems, 33f philosophical approaches to, 400–402 climate, 116
tertiary consumers, 99, 99f policy approaches to, 400–402 Turkey, 310
tessellated darter, 104, 105f synthetic chemicals, 385–387, 386f, 386t turtles, 72f
zebra mussels and, 104f teratogens, 387 Tutu, Desmond, 683
tests, 29–30, 30f water concentration, 390 Tuvalu, 525
bisphenol A, 380–381 Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), 194, 401
radiation following nuclear accidents, 42 REACH vs., 402t U
Texas, 182, 276 toxicant(s), 384 Ukraine, 656f
Thailand carcinogens, 387 ultraviolet (UV) radiation, 378
ecological footprint, 38 in food chain, 391–392 umbrella species, 316
population control policy in, 224 international regulation, 401–402, 402t U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change
thalidomide, 387 mixes, 395 (FCCC), 528
The Geysers, California, 51, 51f, 616 mutagens, 387 unconfined aquifers, 409
theories, 31 persistence of, 390–391 undernutrition, 263
hypotheses vs., 31 pesticides, 396–397 understory, 327, 327f
thermal inversion, 472, 472f water and concentrations of, 390 birds, species richness of, 349f
thermal pollution, 430 toxicity, 384 uneven-aged stands, 335, 335f
thermodynamics toxicology, 384 uniform distribution, 81, 81f
first law of, 48 dose-response analysis, 394–395 Union of Concerned Scientists, 187
second law of, 48–49 endocrine disruption and, 395–397 United Kingdom, 246
thermogram, 564f trade corridors, city development along, 356f United Nations (UN), 196
thermohaline circulation, 443, 443f traditional agriculture, 236 conference on population/development in
thermosphere, 469f tragedy of the commons, 183 Cairo, Egypt, 227–228
thin-film solar cells, 608 “The Tragedy of the Commons” (Hardin), 183 FAO, 257, 267, 269
Thompson, Jonathan, 343 traits, 68 population growth prediction, 214f
Thomson’s gazelles, 305f transboundary park, 345 protected areas, 345
Thoreau, Henry David, 156 TransCanada Corporation, 537–538, 561 United Nations Environment Programme
Three Gorges Dam, China, 421–422, 422f transcendentalism, 156 (UNEP), 196, 510
Three Mile Island, Pennsylvania, 577, 577f transform plate boundary, 52, 53f United Nations Framework Convention on Cli-
threshold dose, 394, 395f transgenes, 262 mate Change (FCCC), 196, 528
thyroid cancer, 580f transgenic maize, 284–285, 285f United Nations Population Division, 214
tidal energy, 619, 619f, 620f transgenic plants, 262 United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), 225
tidal zones, 445f transgenic salmon, 270f United States (U.S.). See also environmental
tide pools, 445f transit modes, 363–364, 363f, 364f policy, U.S.; specific states and regions
tides, 445, 618–619 transitional stage (demographic transition), 220 administrative agencies, 189t
timber transit-oriented development, 363 air pollution, 480f
famine fears, 334 transpiration, 138 biomes, 27–112
harvesting methods, 335–337, 336f transportation cancer risk, toxic air pollutants and, 480f
production, global, 329 campus sustainability, 680–681, 680f, 681f chaparral, 117
subsidies, 201f emissions solutions, 526–527 climate change predictions in, 522, 522t
Timber Culture Act of 1873, 191 of food, 290–291 cod fishing, 438–439
Times Beach, Missouri, 645 lifestyle choices, 526–527 coffee consumption in, 91
tobacco smoke, 384–385, 494 mass transit rail system, 363–365 consumption, 685f
Tohoku, Japan, earthquake, 40–41, 40f, sprawl and, 359 courts and constitutionality, 188–189
44–45, 58 vehicle emissions, 486 crop diversity, 271
topography trash-tracking, 638–639, 638f, 639f deer population growth, 101–102
seafloor, 439–440 trawling, 457–458, 458f deforestation recovery, 335f
soil formation and, 237 treaties, 196, 197f, 315 Dust Bowl in, 242
topsoil, 237f, 238 treatments, 29, 30. See also specific treatments ecological footprint, 23, 32, 32f, 38
carbon retention, 249f triple bottom line, 174, 683 energy consumption, 573f
U.S. agriculture and, 259–260 trophic cascade, 101 energy input, economic output per, 564f
tornadoes, 474, 474f trophic levels, 98–100, 99f, 100f energy stream, 540f
total fertility rates (TFR), 218–219 tropical deciduous forest, 115 environmental footprint, 231t
I-20 toxic air pollutants, 480 tropical dry forest, 115, 115f environmental law, 191–196

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