Page 319 - Fiber Optic Communications Fund

300 Fiber Optic Communications

6.17 In a hybrid Raman/EDFA amplified system, the fiber loss at the signal wavelength = 0.18 dB/km,
EDFA gain = 14 dB. The hybrid Raman/EDFA compensates for the fiber loss exactly. Calculate the
2
−1
Raman pump power. Assume the following parameters: A = 25 μm , = 9 × 10 −5 m , g = 5.8 ×
R
p
p
10 −14 m/W, fiber length = 100 km.
(Ans: 96.99 mW.)
6.18 Explain the difference between single Rayleigh scattering and double Rayleigh scattering.

Further Reading
A.E. Siegman, Lasers. University Science Books, Mill Valley, CA, 1986.
E. Desurvire, Erbium-doped Fiber Amplifiers John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, 2002.
P.C. Becker, N.A. Olsson, and J.R. Simpson, Erbium-doped Fiber Amplifiers, Fundamentals and Technology. Academic
Press, SanDiego, 1999.
P.W. Milonni and J.H. Eberly, Laser Physics. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, 2010.
G.P. Agrawal and N.K. Datta, Semiconductor Lasers, 2nd edn., Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1993.
B.E.A. Saleh and M.C. Teich, Fundamentals of Photonics, 2nd edn., John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, 2007.
J.M. Senior, Optical Fiber Communications, 2nd edn., Prentice-Hall, London, 1992.
G. Keiser, Optical Fiber Communications, 4th edn., McGraw-Hill, New York, 2011.
G. Lachs, Fiber Optic Communications. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1998.

References
[1] G. Keiser, Optical Fiber Communications, 4th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, 2011, chapter 11.
[2] P.C. Becker, N.A. Olsson, and J.R. Simpson, Erbium-doped Fiber Amplifiers, Fundamentals and Technology. Aca-
demic Press, San Diego, 1999.
[3] H. Kogelnik and A. Yariv, Proc. IEEE,vol. 52, p. 165, 1964.
[4] A. Yariv, Opt. Lett.,vol. 15, p. 1064, 1990.
[5] G. Eisenstein and R.M. Jopson, Int. J. Electron.,vol. 60, p. 113, 1986.
[6] M.J. Mahonny, J. Lightwave Technol.,vol. 6, p. 531, 1988.
[7] T. Saitoh and T. Mukai, J. Lightwave Technol.,vol. 6, p. 1656, 1988.
[8] T. Saitoh, T. Mukai, and O. Mukami, J. Lightwave Technol.,vol. LT3, p. 288, 1985.
[9] E. Desurvire, Erbium-doped Fiber Amplifiers. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, 2002.
[10] M.N. Islam, IEEE J. Select. Top. Quant. Electron.,vol. 8, p. 548, 2002.
[11] K. Rottwitt and A.J. Stentz, Raman amplification in lightwave communication systems. In I.P. Kaminow and
L. Tingye (eds), Optical Fiber Telecommunications IV A. Academic Press, San Diego, 2002, p. 217.
[12] A.F. Evans, A. Kobyakov, and M. Vasilyev, Distributed Raman transmission: applications and fiber issues. In M.N.
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[13] Y. Emori, S Kado, and S. Namiki, Opt. Fiber Technol.,vol. 8, p. 383, 2002.
[14] R. Shuker and R.W. Gammon, Phys. Rev. Lett.,vol. 25, p. 222, 1970.
[15] G.P. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics, 4th edn. Academic Press, New York, 2007, chapter 8.