Page 342 - INDONESIA ISLAMIC CULTURE

in 1931), Pemuda Muhammadiyah establishment of IMM is in conjunction IMM emerged at the night time, organization would not be dissolved by
(founded in 1932), and Ikatan Pelajar with HMI confrontation with the PKI; when Indonesia ghad been under Soekarno. 43
Muhammadiyah (Muhammadiyah High moreover, HMI was even in danger of the ideological threat of the PKI. The early period of the New Order was
School Student Organization, IPM) being dissolved by Soekarno regime. 42 This a condition was also supported not only a difficult time for the Islamic
that was established in 1961, and in IMM grows and developed rapidly by Soekarno’s authoritarian Guided political organizations, but also for
2008 it named itself Ikatan Remaja within the milieu of Muhammadiyah Democracy. History can record that in
Muhammadiyah or the Muhammadiyah colleges because of it was structurally the period of the 1960 Soekarno tended the Muslim student movements. The
Bond, IRM). Some of the well-known supported by Muhammadiyah as the to learn towards socialism-communism. New Order’s de-politicization program
figures behind the establishment IMM parent organization. Despite being the The Nasakom (Nasionalism, Religion, since the early 1970s has shrunk the
are Mohammad Djazman, M. AmienRais, youngest autonomous organizations Communism) proclaimed by Sukarno space for Muslims not only in their
and A. Rosyad Sholeh. at that time was the concrete evidence political realm, but also in their social
within Muhammadiyah, IMM moved life. The IMM also faced a difficult time
Unlike PMII, the establishment of IMM freely to spread the modernist ideology of this trend. Involvement of some in facing the principle of Pancasila as
did not lead to either conflicts or frictions of Muhammadiyah among the academics Masjumi leaders in the Revolutionary being the only ideology allowed, such
with HMI. This can be sociologically of the higher level educational Government of the Republic of Indonesia as comprised by the Law of Social
understandable since the founding of institution of to Muhammadiyah. The (Pemerintahan Revolusioner Republik Organizations (UU Keormasan). In line
IMM was not followed by the release of IMM is clearly stated in the rule of the Indonesia, PRRI) in 1958 was culminated with its parent organization that had
activists who belonged to the modernist Muhammadiyah colleges (Perguruan by the dissolution Masjumi in 1960. accepted Pancasila, The IMM followed
ideology of HMI. IMM was established Tinggi Muhammadiyah, PTM). The Being considered as an onderbouw the decision of the 41 Muhammadiyah
st
in 1964 because Muhammadiyah 2006 PTM Rule chapter XIV article (substructure) of Masjumi, HMI almost Congress 1985 as the Muhammadiyah
was still attached to a moral burden 78 states that “Student organizations got swept too by the dissolution of strategy in their Islamic propagation. This
on the 1949 Muslim pledge, which established in PTM are: a) the Masjumi. On the other hand, the period was optimally benefited by IMM
agreed that HMI was the only student Muhammadiyah Students Bond; b) existence of PKI was also a very to develop their organization. As a result,
organization for the Muslims. However, Other organizations permitted by the significant force in this period. Moreover, by the 1990s IMM had been growing in
the establishment of PMII was a “good Chairman of PTM “. In practice, only PKI had also supporters within the level almost all Indonesian regions, especially
precedent” for Muhammadiyah students IMM is the formal institution of Islamic of student organization, i.e. Concentrasi within the milieu of Muhammadiyah
to establish their own organizations too. propagation in various campuses of Gerakan Mahasiswa Indonesia (the higher education levels.
The existence of IMM would rather be the Muhammadiyah universities. This Concentration of the Indonesian Student
an alternate organization for students means that IMM is regarded as an Movement, CGMI). Since the HMI As a social organization at the university
belong to the modernist ideology. On extra-campus organization within higher strongly rejected the ideology of PKI, this level, IMM was also concerned with
the other hand, IMM that is dominant educational institutions of the belonged party and CGMI urged the government to socio-political and humanitarian issues.
in universities and colleges of the to Muhammadiyah, which is thus it dissolve HMI. They accused the HMI was The New Order period generally muted
Muhammadiyah cannot be a threat to similar to the existence of IMM in other an accomplice of the DI/TII. At this point various socio-religious and political
the existence of HMI. Politically, the public universities. IMM emerged as an HMI supporter so movements. However, when the political

332 Indonesian Islamic Culture in Historical Perspectives Indonesian Islamic Culture in Historical Perspectives 333