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Muhammadiyyah Student    opportunity was opened, IMM along       world of openness of the reform period,               in Islamic propagation by making       students due to the heavy handed
          Association (IMM)        with other student associations as      the movement had been transformed                     the campus as its core strength. All   policy of the New Order government.
                                   well as intellectual groups demanded    into two organizations that would be                  members of the academic community      The students’ attitude of establishing
          Source: Directorate of
          History and Cultural     for the resignation of Suharto in 1997.   explained below: Lembaga Dakwah                     are the subject as well as the object of   an Islamic propagation agency on
          Values, Ministry of      Being an autonomous organization        Kampus (the Campus Propagation                        their messages. The differing objective   campuses was a good decision and
          Education and Culture    under Muhammadiyah, IMM supported       Institute, LDK) and Kesatuan Aksi                     circumstance of each campus leads LDK   strategy in order to keep preaching, while
          of the Republic of       political movements of Muhammadiyah,    Mahasiswa Muslim Indonesia (the                       in each campus to develop their own    they do not have to interact with the
          Indonesia                especially in the realm of practical    Indonesian Muslims’ Student Action                    names and patterns of propagation in   government. Other LDKs were founded
                                   politics as well other social aspects.   Union, KAMMI).                                       accordance to circumstances they have   at the end of the New Order period, when
                                   However, not many alumni of IMM who                                                           to face. LDK on the UGM campus, for    the political situation was also improving,
                                   were involved in the national level so far   1) Campus Propagation Agency                     instance, is named Jamaah Shalahuddin   were even founded after the refer a of
                                   except some figures like M. Amien Rais,   (LDK)                                               (JS) in ITB, its called, Jama’ah Salman in   reformation.
                                   M. Din Syamsuddin, and M. Djazman                                                             ITB, Forum Remaja Masjid (the Mosque   Normatively, speaking the main purposes
                                   Al-Kindi.                               Campus Propagation Agency (LDK) is                    Youths Forum) in UI Jakarta, Unit
                                                                           an intra-campus student organization                  Kegiatan Mahasiswa Kerohanian Islam    of Islamic propagation on campuses
                                   LDK and KAMMI: A Portrait               founded in every university in Indonesia.             (the Islamic Spiritual Student Activity   were state wellprepared young Islamic
                                                                                                                                                                        cadres to optimize the role of campuses
                                   of Islam in Muslim Student              At each campus, names of the LDK                      Unit, UKMKI) in Airlangga University   in an effort to transform the society into
                                   Movements                               may vary, such as the Islamic Spiritual               Surabaya, and Mahasiswa Pecinta
                                                                           Section, the Forum of Islamic Studies,                Masjid (Mosque Lover Students, MPM) in   an ideal Islamic society. To achieve
                                   Entering the era of Reformation,        Campus Propagation Agency, Board                                                             their goals, LDK has multiple functions
                                   Indonesia witnessed the emergence       of Islamic Spirituality, and so forth.                UNHAS Makassar. Moreover, LDK also     as explained below.  First, LDK is
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                                   of the Islamic student movements, that   According to their line of action (khittah),         develops recently in faculty levels with so   the medium for community building.
                                   were ideologically different from the three   LDK is a student organization engaging          many different names.                  This is the primary role of LDK that
                                   student movements described above.      in the propagation of Islam on campuses               LDK is founded at different periods    has been been carried out for the time
                                   Inspired by the Middle East movement,   to enforce the word of God by way of                  along with their different historical   being. Considering range in performing
                                   especially the Muslim Brotherhood in    “commanding the good and forbidding                   situations. Among the existing LDK, the   activities to the academic community
                                   Egypt, this new movement imitated the   the evil” (amar ma’ruf nahi munkar). Such             Jamaah Salman at ITB is the earliest   widely as well as general populace
                                   Islamist movement, which promoted a     a movement focuses their activities in                LDK formed. It was established  on May   around the campuses the LDK has
                                   full implementation of Islamic teachings   a small community called the campus                30, 1964. Other LDK, such as Jamaah    indeed a strategic position. Second,
                                   in socio-religious life as well as the   community, in which students are the                 Sholahuddin at UGM was founded in      LDK as an articulator. It means that LDK
                                   state-politics. Starting from an education                                                    1976, whereas UKMKI Airlangga was      serves to contrive people’s aspirations,
                                   (tarbiyah) movement, small study-       most important element.                               established on March 30, 1984. The     in calling for goodness and eradicating
                                   groups at public university campuses in   As the name implies, Lembaga Dakwah                 period from 1970 to 1980 was the most   evils. In practice, such an articulation of
                                   Indonesia since the 1980s, along with the   Kampus is an institution engaging                 difficult period for the Indonesian Muslim   LDK (either oral, writing, or action) for the



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