Page 373 - INDONESIA ISLAMIC CULTURE

The establishment of the Indonesian mid-1920s, the colonial government cooperative attitude in order to achieve speeches. Some teachers affiliated
Islamic Party (Partai Islam Indonesia, suspected people who were involved the ideals of Islamic nobility teaching to Permi were not permitted to teach.
PII) in 1937 had weakened SI’s in politics and Muchtar went abroad to and Indonesian independence. The Conditions were getting worse when
position further within the Indonesian circumventarrest. After settling in Malaya party was strongly against capitalism Permi leading figures such as Muchtar
nationalist movement. In 1938, the SI (present day Malaysia) he decided to and imperialism as they had caused Lutfi, Iljas Jakub and Djalaludin Thaib
merged with other Islamic organizations continue his trip and to go to Egypt. Lack the suffering of the Indonesian people. were exiled to Digul in Papua. Prior to
into the Majelis Islam A’la Indonesia of funds brought a halt to his education Therefore, the only way to elevate the the Japanese occupation, the Dutch
(Indonesian Islamic High Assembly, in Egypt and he decided to join Hizb al- dignity of the Indonesian people was to government moved them to Australia
MIAI), which became the forerunner of Wathan’s activities. Here he got political attain Indonesian Independence. Permi but after Independence they returned
the establishment of the Majelis Syura experiences and strengthened his desire members were convinced of the ideals of to Indonesia. Muchtar Lutfi settled
Muslimin Indonesia (Indonesian Muslims to contribute further to the national independence and they continued to fight in Makassar, while Iljas Jakub and
Consultative Assembly, Masjumi). struggle in Indonesia. 20 for Independence through their political Djalaluddin Thaib returned to the
activities. However Permi continued its Minangkabau. 22
Partai Muslimin Indonesia The return of Jakub and Muchtar to activities in education by establishing an
Minangkabau coincided with the decline Partai Islam Indonesia
The Partai Muslimin Indonesia (the of the Thawalib School because of Islamic College in Padang in 1931. The
Indonesian Muslims’ Party) abbreviated disagreements between its teachers after party was also engaged in economic The Partai Islam Indonesia (Indonesian
Permi was established in Minangkabau it had become influenced by communism. activities in order to meet its members’ Islamic Party, PII) was founded because
in 1930 by Hadji Iljas Jakub. Shortly The Thawalib School saw a revival after needs based on the swadeshi principle Muslim activists had been disappointed
after its establishment, Haji Muchtar communist activities in Minangkabau by way of emphasizing business efforts. with the internal conflicts within Partai
Lutfi joined the party to strengthen it. had been suppressed. The two politically Permi opened branches in Central Sarekat Islam. In 1930, Partai Sarekat
Iljas received his religious education in experienced young men who both had Sumatra, Bengkulu, Tapanuli, East Islam changed its name into Partai
Mecca and further pursued his studies just returned from Egypt re-energized Kalimantan and Aceh and the people in Sarekat Islam Indonesia (Indonesian
at a university in Egypt. He gained much the political spirit in Sumatra. Permi was Sumatra saw it as an alternative when Islamic Union Party, PSII). The SI
political experience by his interaction with established based on their observations the Sarekat Islam went through periods had been split into several smaller
Hizb al-Wathan, a political party in Egypt of how the SI developed in Java, which of decline. factions such as the Awareness Group
founded by Mustafa Kamil and he was had become polarized between Islamists Given Permi’s non-cooperative program and the Truth Committee of the PSII.
often present in the party’s discussions and nationalist factions. Therefore, Permi and its critical attitude towards the Tjokroaminoto and Agus Salim, who had
and meetings. Indonesian and Malay tried to combine both ideologies that, in a colonial government, the Dutch closely replaced Moeis, had health problems
students in Egypt highly respected him Muslim individual, are inseparable. 21 monitored many Permi leaders. Several and therefore were no longer active. In
because he was the deputy chairman female members like Fatimah Hatta, 1933, changes had been made to the
of the Jami’at al-Khairiyah. Haji Muchtar In general, Permi adopted a non- Ratna Sari, Rasuna Said and Rasimah party’s structure and its foundation and
Lutfi was the son of a respected ‘alim 20. Noer. Gerakan Modern ..., p. 171. Ismail were detained for ten days in the central leadership was divided into
from Bukittinggi, Haji Abdul Latif. In the 21. Deliar Noer. Gerakan Modern ..., p. 172. Semarang because of their radical 22. Noer. Gerakan Modern ..., p. 174.

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