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2.1.1 Modals of Certainty

Assessment (Classroom activity)

3. Work in pairs to study the passage below. You and your partner are required
to list out the modals in the passage and classify them into their own degree of
certainty. Present your answers in front of the classroom.

Water Pollution

Water pollution has been one of the most alarming global issues. Not all of us
might contribute to the occurrence of water pollution but the repercussions are for
us to bear. Hence, as a responsible person, we must do our part to curb water pol-

lution. Water pollution affect not only the marine life but to human race as well.
Thus, we should always stay alert and work together to curb this situation. As a
consumer, you can help reducing the water pollution by practicing some simple
steps. For example, industrial and urban wastes should not be disposed of in wa-

ter sources. Next, ban may be imposed on mixing of pollutants in drinking water.
may be erected around drinking water sources. Furthermore, bathing of animals
near water sources should also be prohibited. Last but not the least, chemicals

and pesticides used in agriculture should be used in balanced quantity. We cannot
deny the fact that the human race benefit a lot from clean water. Hence, we must
take this matter seriously before it is too late.

i) List of modals

ii) List of modals and their categories

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