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READY FOR GRAMMAR

3 T a l k i n g a b o u t t h e f u t u r e
A Future forms B Other ways of talking about the future
Will, the present continuous and going to are used Some verbs have future meanings in their present
1 1
to talk about future plans and intentions. Depending forms, e.g. agree, aim, expect, hope, intend, look, plan,
on the context, there might be slight differences in promise, resolve . The present simple refers to a fact;
meaning or emphasis. the present continuous, to a process.
Will you stay in Bairro Alto while you’re in Lisbon? We’ll need lots of hands to finish the prototype, but we
aim / are aiming to get it done this year.
(to ask if clear plans have been made)
2 Various expressions can be used to refer to the future:
Are you staying in Bairro Alto while you’re in Lisbon?
(emphasis on fixed arrangements) • be + about to – to say something is close to
happening
Are you going to stay in Bairro Alto while you’re in
Lisbon? (emphasis on intentions) The minister is about to give a press conference.
The future continuous is used: be + on the point / verge / brink of – an idiomatic way
2 •
to say something is very close to happening
• to emphasise that a plan or activity is one of a
repeated series of events or part of the normal Using wearable devices to pay in shops is on the
course of events. brink of mass adoption.
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Will you be staying in Bairro Alto while you’re in • be + likely / unlikely to – to talk about probability
Lisbon? (as usual)
The company’s next generation smartphones are
• to talk about something in the future we perceive likely to be released this autumn.
as inevitable, or to convey that it is going to happen
be + due to – to talk about something scheduled
•
‘anyway.’
The next round of talks is due to be held on Monday.
We can ask the specialist to check the routers
be + bound to – to say emphatically that something is
•
tomorrow because she’ll be fixing the server
certain to happen
anyway.
This new user interface is bound to receive mixed
• to make polite enquiries about future plans,
reviews from customers.
emphasising that we don’t wish to be nosy or https://english0905.com/private/
• be + expected to – to say something is based on an
influence the decisions of the listener. In contrast,
expectation
going to sounds more direct.
The much talked-about gadget is expected to be
Will you be going out this evening? (very polite –
unveiled at this year’s conference.
suggesting, I just want to know your plans.’)
• be + set to – to make a strong assertion or to say
Are you going to go out this evening? (pressing for a
someone is prepared for something to happen
decision)
Poll numbers say she is set to win re-election.
3 The future perfect simple and continuous can be used:
• be + to + infinitive – to talk about future
• to imagine looking back at something from a point in
arrangements in formal contexts
the future. The future perfect simple shows that the
The semi-final is to be broadcast live on all major
action will be completed by a point in the future.
television networks.
I’ll have spent all the budget by the end of the week.
• be + to be + past participle – passive form of be + to +
• the future perfect continuous emphasises that it will
infinitive
be in progress up to a point in the future.
The small data storage company announced it is to
This summer I’ll have been mentoring young
be taken over by a large multinational.
inventors for twenty-five years.
• to make assumptions in the present.
C Future in the past
The accident happened so long ago, most people
• Most of the structures in Sections A and B also have
will have forgotten about it.
past forms (e.g. was / were + going to / about to /
due to / planning to, etc. We can use these forms to
4 In future time clauses and conditional clauses, after
talk about past plans, etc., especially those that didn’t
conjunctions like as soon as, if, in case , when , unless,
until, present tenses (including present perfect simple actually happen.
and continuous) are used, rather than will or going to .
I was planning to go to Bella’s get-together, but at the
last minute I had a change of heart.
The kids will regret leaving their umbrellas behind when
it pours / has poured / is pouring with rain!
I hadn’t accepted the invitation because Rick and I
were set to fly off on our holiday that very weekend.
NB would is rarely used as a future-in-the-past form.
Its use is mainly restricted to reported speech and
literary narratives.
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He decided to skip lunch. There would be plenty of
time to eat later.
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