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READY FOR GRAMMAR

11 R e p o r t i n g s t r u c t u r e s 1
Verb patterns with that 3 Verb + object + to infinitive

1 Verb + that + clause (that can be left out of many e.g. authorise , beg, bribe, call on, convince, encourage,
informal structures of this type) nag, plead (with), urge, warn
e.g. add, agree, announce, argue, boast, concede, The local council have encouraged all inner-
consider, doubt, echo, estimate, feel, forewarn, go on city residents to use public transport with a new
to say, imply, insist, mention, mumble, mutter, predict, reimbursement scheme.
reckon, remark, report, snap, suppose, warn
The police warned them not to park there, so they’re
The Chair went on to say (that) the meetings would be bound to get a ticket for doing so.
cancelled should attendance remain so poor.
NB The structure in the passive becomes passive
After a series of poor performances, they doubted their
structure + reporting verb + to
team would be promoted.
They were warned not to park there…
The article in the College News implied (that) there
Other verb patterns
had been problems on campus.
1 Verb + preposition + gerund / noun phrase
2 Verb + object + that + clause (that can be left out of
many informal structures of this type) e.g. boast, complain, exaggerate, hypothesise, quibble,
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wonder about
e.g. assure, forewarn, inform, persuade, reassure,
remind, warn advise, protest, warn against
The council didn’t inform us (that) this road would be attack, blame, criticise, defend, excuse, praise, tell off,
closed today. (+ object) for
The air steward warned the passengers that any further discourage, forbid, (+ object) from
disruption would have them thrown off the flight.
accuse, speak (+ object) of
Verb + (that ) + (modal verb) + present subjunctive
3
congratulate (+ object), insist on
Following certain verbs, e.g. advise, demand, insist,
confess, consent, object, own up to
propose, recommend, request, suggest, urge, we can
The local council confessed to ignoring warnings
use the present subjunctive form of the verb, i.e. there https://english0905.com/private/
about traffic congestion during the sporting event.
is no - s form in the third person. The same form is used
The onlookers hypothesised about the causes of the
in both the present and the past.
crash.
The host insisted that we (should) leave our passports
2 Verb + gerund
at the front desk.
e.g. advise, debate, deny, mention, recommend, regret,
The town planner recommended that the developers
suggest
resituate the development further outside of the city.
The guide recommended going to see the castle, but
In negative subjunctives, the verb do is omitted.
suggested taking a taxi, as it was quite a steep climb.
The town planner recommended that the developers
The residents denied having seen anything on the
not situate the development so close to the centre.
night of the fire.
Verb patterns with to
3 Some reporting verbs can be used with the impersonal
1 Verb + infinitive with to passive structure when we want to distance ourselves
from what is being said. This is more common in
e.g. agree , beg, claim, forewarn , guarantee, offer ,
written reports or formal spoken reporting.
predict, refuse, swear, threaten , vow
e.g. accept, acknowledge, anticipate, assume, claim,
The newspaper article claimed to know the reasons
conclude, consider, estimate, expect, know, maintain,
behind the sudden increase in crime.
observed, prove, say, suppose, recognised, report,
To show that the action in the main clause is in the past,
rumour, think
we use the perfect infinitive.
It is anticipated that council members will meet
At least three people claim to have seen the incident,
again last week with local businessmen to discuss the
but no report has been filed yet.
proposals.
At least three people claimed to have seen the
The redevelopment of this area is estimated to have
incident.
cost over $3 million.
2 Verb + infinitive with to + object
e.g. beg, claim, offer, mean, refuse, threaten, volunteer,
vow
As Carla hadn’t been there before, Maria offered to
show her around the town.
Residents volunteered to clean the building rather
than pay the extra charge.
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