Page 239 - Ready for C2 Student's Book english0905.com

05.09.2024, 22:56 Ready for C2 Proficiency Student's Book Classroom Presentation

https://english0905.com/private/
READY FOR GRAMMAR

12 V e r b p a t t e r n s
B Infinitives with to
A Gerunds
Gerunds are used: Infinitives with to can be used:
• as the subject, object or complement of a verb. • after certain verbs (e.g. appeal, arrange, deserve, dread,
hesitate, manage, offer, prepare, pretend, succumb,
Working from home has multiple benefits.
struggle, vow)
• after prepositions as well as after certain phrases (e.g.
I dread to think what would have happened if you
have difficulty / problems, there’s no / little point, it’s no
hadn’t been there.
good / use, it’s not worth )
• as the subject, although this is less common.
There’s little point starting a diet if we’re going
travelling next month. To stay calm while all around you is panic is one of the
hardest skills to master.
• after certain verbs (e.g. anticipate, contemplate, handle,
imagine, miss, prevent, propose, risk, tolerate) • after for + subject. However, this is more common when
preceded by it is.
Why would you risk damaging your health in that way?
For them to lose now is a disaster.
NB Some of the verbs above can follow the structure
verb + object + ing It is a disaster for them to lose now.
• https://english0905.com/private/
I can’t imagine him making it to the top division. • after certain adjectives (e.g. eager, elated, formidable,
reluctant, stunned, traumatic, thrilled)
• after an object with certain verbs, especially when
describing repeated actions or those in progress. (e.g. The public were stunned to find out that the winner
catch, discover, find, hear, leave, notice, see, spot, watch ) had cheated.
The teacher left the students doing their homework. • in a perfect form to refer to things that may or may not
have happened in the past.
• to explain that something is not permitted or not a
possibility, we use no + ing He pretended to have been on the diet for months so
he could get compensation.
There’s no taking photos during the match.
In a non-finite clause, the perfect infinitive can refer to
• to create a noun phrase in the structure the + ing + of +
events which happened (or could have but didn’t).
object https://english0905.com/private/
To have gone to an Elvis Presley concert must have
The eating of unhealthy food at schools contributes to
been incredible.
the country’s obesity epidemic.
• after certain nouns (e.g. ability , capacity, chance,
The burning of calories happens naturally throughout
decision, determination, mistake, proposal, tendency
the day, but we can aid it with movement and exercise.
way, willingness ).
• in formal English, we can use a possessive pronoun +
It was a mistake to open the community centre in the
gerund to replace object pronouns + gerund when the
evenings.
subject of the main verb and the gerund differ.
• to express purpose and result.
Do you mind my taking this seat? = more formal
He takes those pills to help his arthritis.
Do you mind me taking this seat? = more informal
When the subject of the infinitive is different from the
to indicate who is doing an action after a possessive
subject of the sentence we use for.
’s. This structure is not usually used with verbs of the
senses, e.g. hear, see, feel, etc. We went to the class to show Matt what it was like /
We went to the class for Matt to see what it was like.
Rachel’s lashing out at me over the smallest things is
really starting to wear me down. • after only to indicate a surprising or frustrating
subsequent event.
The entire sports club turned out to celebrate Kyle’s
winning the marathon. They battled through the rain to get to the match only
to discover it had been cancelled.
In informal English, the possessive ’s is often dropped.
• when certain verbs of liking are used after would.
The entire sports club turned out to celebrate Kyle
winning the marathon. I don’t go to the park often, but I’d hate not to have it
nearby.
• in informal English we can split the infinitive. This
should generally be avoided in formal English.
Adam started to gradually cut out sugar from his diet.
The doctor decided to immediately address the issue
with the patient.
https://english0905.com/private/
232

https://lms-cdn.mee.macmillaneducation.com/cdn/macmillanXHotspotMapping/readyfor_c2_cpk_studentbook_fullversion_productcontent/202405… 1/1