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no one but herself; and when we find in real life a desire for
         melodramatic effect, it is generally the ‘sadic’ instinct that
         is responsible for it. It is possible that, without being in the
         least inclined towards ‘sadism,’ a girl might have shewn the
         same outrageous cruelty as Mlle. Vinteuil in desecrating the
         memory and defying the wishes of her dead father, but she
         would not have given them deliberate expression in an act
         so crude in its symbolism, so lacking in subtlety; the crimi-
         nal element in her behaviour would have been less evident to
         other people, and even to herself, since she would not have
         admitted to herself that she was doing wrong. But, appear-
         ances apart, in Mlle. Vinteuil’s soul, at least in the earlier
         stages, the evil element was probably not unmixed. A’sadist’
         of her kind is an artist in evil, which a wholly wicked per-
         son could not be, for in that case the evil would not have
         been external, it would have seemed quite natural to her,
         and would not even have been distinguishable from herself;
         and as for virtue, respect for the dead, filial obedience, since
         she would never have practised the cult of these things, she
         would take no impious delight in their profanation. ‘Sadists’
         of Mlle. Vinteuil’s sort are creatures so purely sentimental,
         so virtuous by nature, that even sensual pleasure appears to
         them as something bad, a privilege reserved for the wicked.
         And when they allow themselves for a moment to enjoy it
         they endeavour to impersonate, to assume all the outward
         appearance of wicked people, for themselves and their part-
         ners in guilt, so as to gain the momentary illusion of having
         escaped beyond the control of their own gentle and scru-
         pulous natures into the inhuman world of pleasure. And I

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