Page 20 - FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER

NPP

20 Fundamentals of Computers NPP

1.1 Block Diagram of Computer 1.1 H$åß`yQ>a H$m ãbm°H$ S>m`J«m_
The modern digital computer can be de- AmYw{ZH$ {S>{OQ>b H$åß`yQ>a EH$ Eogr BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$
fined as an electronic device which can per- {S>dmBg Ho$ ê$n ‘| n[a^m{fV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡ Omo ~‹S>r
form faster calculation, which has capability to
interpret the instructions supplied by human VoOr go JUZmE± H$a gH$Vr h¡, Omo _mZd Ûmam g_w{MV
being through suitable devices, which has a CnH$aUm| go {X`o {ZX}em| H$mo g_P gH$Vr h¡, {Og_|
larger storage capacity and which can execute AË`{YH$ g§J«hU j_Vm hmoVr h¡ VWm Omo ~hþV go àmoJ«m_
the program repeatedly in an intelligent man- A{YH$ Amd¥{Îm go gånÞ H$a gH$Vr h¡Ÿ& d¡go H$åß`yQ>a
ner. For this purpose various forms of comput- Ho$ H$B© ê$n CnbãY h¡Ÿ& bo{H$Z g^r _| _yb^yV {hñgo
ers are available. But the basic building blocks g_mZ h¢Ÿ& àË`oH$ {S>{OQ>b H$åß`yQ>a {ZåZ Mma _w»`
in these computers are similar. Each modern
digital computer has four blocks: {hñgm| go ~Zm hmoVm h¡…
1. INPUT 2. OUTPUT 1.BZnwQ> 2. AmCQ>nwQ>
3. MEMORY 4. CPU 3. _o_moar 4. CPU
The above mentioned blocks of the com- H$åß`yQ>a Ho$ Cnamoº$ g^r {hñgo Amng _| dm`am| Ho$
puters are interconnected together. The Bus is g_yhm| go Ow‹S>o hmoVo h¢Ÿ& ~g dm¶g© H$m EH$ g‘yh h¡ {Ogo
a group of wires used to carry the electrical
signals. These electrical signals normally con- Bbop³Q´>H$b {g½Zëg bo OmZo Ho$ {bE Cn¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm
tain pulses of high and low voltage. A high h¡& BZ na CÀM dm°ëQ>oO 1 Xem©Vm h¡ VWm {ZåZ dm°ëQ>oO
voltage normally represents ‘1’ and low volt- 0 Xem©Vm h¡& AV: EH$ ~g 1 VWm 0 H$mo bo OmZo Ho$
age ‘0’. Therefore a bus is used to carry 1 and
0. Each information is converted into bits for {bE Cn`moJ H$s OmVr h¡Ÿ& àË`oH$ BÝ\$m°_}eZ EH$ ãbm°H$
the flow from one block to another block . The go Xygao ãbm°H$ VH$ bo OmZo Ho$ {bE {~Q²>g _| n[ad{V©V
block diagram of modern digital computer us-
ing Input, output, memory and CPU can be H$s OmVr h¡Ÿ& AmYw{ZH$ {S>{OQ>b H$åß`yQ>a H$m ãbm°H$
drawn as: S>m`J«m_ {ZåZmZwgma ~Zm`m Om gH$Vm h¡:

CPU
ALU INPUT OUTPUT

CU
SYSTEM BUS

Registers

RAM ROM

MEMORY

Now let us describe each block one by one: A~ h_ BÝh| EH$-EH$ H$aHo$ g_PVo h¡…