Page 21 - FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER

NPP Computer Basics and Windows Fundamentals 21

1. Input 1. BZnwQ>
It refers to the devices which help user en- H$åß`yQ>a Ho$ dh {hñgo {OZH$s ghm`Vm go ~mhar
ter information inside the computer. In other OmZH$mar A§Xa àdoe H$aVr h¡, BZnwQ> H$hbmVo h¡ Ÿ& EH$
words, Input is the device with the help of which
a user operates a computer. Keyboard and mouse Cn`moJH$Vm© BZH$s ghm`Vm go hr H$åß`yQ>a na H$m`©
are very popular examples of input devices. H$aVm h¡ Ÿ& H$s~moS>© VWm _mCg BZnwQ> Ho$ ~hþV hr AÀN>o
Other examples are scanner, light pen, joystick, CXmhaU h¢ Ÿ& Xygao CXmhaUm| _| ñHo$Za, bmB©Q> noZ,
microphone, etc. Each input device is connected
to the computer at a device called input port. Om°`pñQ>H$ VWm Q´>og~mb AmVo h¢ Ÿ& gmao BZnwQ> H$åß`yQ>a
The function of the input device is to provide _| EH$ ñWmZ na Ow‹S>o hmoVo h¢, {Ogo BZnwQ> nmoQ>© H$hVo
binary information in accordance with the infor- h¡ Ÿ& BZnwQ> H$m H$m`© hmoVm h¡ {H$ dh H$åß`yQ>a H$mo ~mBZar
mation received from the user. Thus, each de- _| OmZH$mar àXmZ H$a|, Bgr{bE àË`oH$ H$åß`yQ>a _|
vice is associated with necessary circuits to con-
vert the information into binary. For example, in BZnwQ> Ho$ gmW Amdí`H$ BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ n[anW Ow‹S>o hmoVo
a keyboard an integrated circuit is needed which h¢Ÿ& CXmhaUV: H$s~moS>© Ho$ gmW EH$ n[anW hmoVm h¡
is called keyboard controller. {Ogo H$s~moS>© H§$Q´>moba H$hVo h¢&
2. Output NPP 2. AmCQ>nwQ>
Output devices are used to provide the AmCQ>nwQ> `wpŠV`m± n[aUm_ àXmZ H$aVr h¢Ÿ& Omo
result. Whatever information we enter, can be OmZH$mar BZnwQ> go àXmZ H$aVo Cgr H$mo AmCQ>nwQ> àX{e©V
seen with the help of an output device. Moni-
tor is a popular example of output device. ^r H$aVm h¡Ÿ& _m°ZrQ>a AmCQ>nwQ> H$m EH$ bmoH${à` CXmhaU
Other examples are printer, Plotter etc. Func- h¡Ÿ& Xygao CXmhaUm| _| {à¨Q>a, ßbm°Q>a Am{X AmVo h¢Ÿ& AmCQ>nwQ>
tion of the output device is to provide the {S>dmBg H$m H$m`© `h hmoVm h¡ {H$ dh bmoJm| H$mo g_w{MV
result to the people in suitable form. But out- ê$n go OmZH$mar àXmZ H$a|Ÿ& bo{H$Z Bgo H$åß`yQ>a n[anW
put device gets binary information from the
computer. Thus, each output device has a go ~mBZar _| OmZH$mar {_bVr h¡, Omo bmoJ AmgmZr go
circuitary to convert binary information into g_P Zht gH$VoŸ& AV… àË`oH$ AmCQ>nwQ> `wpŠV H$m n[anW
people understandable form. This circuit is Bg OmZH$mar H$mo bmoJm| Ho$ g_PZo `mo½` ñdê$n _| ~XbH$a
called, controller. For example, CRT control- àXmZ H$aVm h¡Ÿ& Bg n[anW H$mo H§$Q´>moba H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
ler circuit is associated with monitor to pro-
vide the display on the screen. Each output CXmhaUV: _m°ZrQ>a _| EH$ CRT H§$Q´>moba n[anW hmoVm
device is connected to a port on the computer h¡Ÿ& àË`oH$ AmCQ>nwQ> {S>dmBg H$åß`yQ>a _| EH$ ñWmZ na
which is called output port. Ow‹S>m hmoVm h¡ {Ogo AmCQ>nwQ> nmoQ>© H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
Some devices work as input as well as Hw$N> `w{º$`m± Eogr hmoVr h¢ Omo BZnwQ> VWm AmCQ>nwQ>
output. For example, when the system is booted, XmoZm| H$m H$m`© H$aVr h¢Ÿ& O¡go, O~ h_ H$åß`yQ>a H$mo Mmby
the essential portion of the operating system is H$aVo h¢ Vmo Am°naoqQ>J {gñQ>_ H$m Oê$ar {hñgm hmS>© {S>ñH$
brought from hard disk into the RAM. Here
Harddisk works as an input device. But when go {ZH$bH$a ao_ _| Am OmVm h¡Ÿ& Bg g_` hmS>© {S>ñH$
a program is saved into hard disk, it will work BZnwQ> H$m H$m`© H$aVr h¡Ÿ& bo{H$Z O~ EH$ àmoJ«m_ hmS>© {S>ñH$
as output device. Therefore such type of de- _| god {H$`m OmVm h¡ V~ `h AmCQ>nwQ>> H$m H$m`© H$aVr h¡Ÿ&
vices are called Input-output (IO) Devices. The Bgr{bE Bg Vah H$s `wpŠV`m| H$mo IO H$hVo h¢Ÿ& O¡go-