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An introduction to architecture
Fishermen’s cottages, Cape

People have always needed shelter and the earliest shelters were caves. As time has passed building
methods and materials have changed. Some people live in tin shanties, others in mud huts and some in
“matchbox houses” while others live in mansions. People try to make the best of their shelter; by decorating it,
by planting trees, grass and flowers.
The important thing about one’s shelter is that it must be warm and dry and something that we can afford. Do
you think these points are true? An architect can help design and plan a better house.
Ever since the 19th century, we have realised that we can change our urban environment. This change can
mean a better standard of living and better surroundings. Modern architects know this and have used the
following ideas in town planning and modern architecture: (a) open parks; (b) landscape gardening and (c)
exciting concepts.

What people need today is space – to work in, to live in and to play in. Many great cities have mushroomed
during the last two centuries. This was mainly because of the Industrial Revolution, which brought about great
changes in society. During this time there was also the development of modern technology. The great
movements of people from the rural areas to the cities caused the cities to grow very rapidly. The cities just
grew without real planning – buildings were put up anywhere and everywhere. Today the following questions
are being asked as great rebuilding programmes take place:
1. What is the best means of
transport?
2. Are all the facilities like
schools, churches, bus
routes, shopping centres
and sport and recreational
facilities close at hand?
3. Will the site be aesthetically
pleasing and functional?

The Story of

Architecture
The Egyptians and
Mesopotamians developed
the first urban civilisations and
the first sophisticated
architecture. The Egyptians
built temples consisting of
huge stone columns
supporting flat roofs.
The Egyptians covered their
grave mounds with masonry.
Later they stacked one mound
on top of the other thus
forming the first step
pyramids. These then
developed into true pyramids.
At Gizeh, the pharaohs (kings)
were buried in pyramids so
big that they are one of the
Seven Wonders of the ancient world.

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