Page 133 - RFHL ANNUAL REPORT 2024_ONLINE
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        5.  Investment securities


                                                                                             2024        2023

            a   Designated at Fair value through profit or loss
               Debt instruments                                                                95           3
               Equities and mutual funds                                                       98         110


                                                                                               193        113

            b   Debt instruments at amortised cost
               Government securities                                                         9,706       8,731
               State-owned company securities                                                1,910      2,327
               Corporate bonds/debentures                                                    6,636      7,304
               Bankers’ acceptances                                                           547         522
               Other short-term liquid investments                                           1,524       1,219

                                                                                            20,323     20,103


               Total investment securities                                                  20,516     20,216


            c   Financial investment securities subject to impairment assessment
               Debt instruments measured at amortised cost

               The table below shows the credit quality and the maximum exposure to credit risk based on the Group’s credit rating
               system, aging and year-end stage classification.

                                                                                Stage 3   Purchased
                                                                                Credit-        or
                                                                              impaired  originated
                                                                               financial   credit-
                                                          Stage 1   Stage 2     assets –   impaired
               2024                                  12 month ECL  Lifetime ECL  Lifetime ECL   (POCI)   Total

               Gross exposure                              17,272       1,120        14      2,032     20,438
               ECL                                             (4)       (12)        (7)       (92)       (115)

               Net exposure                                 17,268      1,108        7       1,940     20,323


               ECL allowance as at October 1, 2023             13         14         5         159        191
               Translation adjustments                          –          –         (2)       (30)       (32)
               ECL on new instruments issued during the year      –       5           –          –         5
               Other credit loss movements, repayments
                 and maturities                                (9)        (7)        4         (37)       (49)

               At September 30, 2024                            4         12         7         92         115
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