Page 173 - Konferensiya to'plami - 1 (ASR)

of English, while scholars like Kononov (1960), Mahmudov (2008), and Jo‘rayev (2012)
have explored the evolution of the Uzbek language.
English language development is generally divided into:
Old English (450–1100) – Strong Germanic and Norse influences.
Middle English (1100–1500) – Norman conquest introduced a vast number of
French loanwords.
Modern English (1500–present) – The Renaissance, colonialism, and
globalization expanded the lexicon.
Similarly, Uzbek language evolution is categorized into:
Old Turkic period (9th–13th centuries) – Influenced by ancient Turkic scripts.
Chagatai period (14th–18th centuries) – Dominance of Persian and Arabic
vocabulary.
Modern Uzbek (19th century–present) – Standardization and the transition from
Cyrillic to Latin script.
Sociolinguistic studies, such as Graddol (2006) on English and Sodiqova (2020)
on Uzbek, highlight the contemporary roles of these languages and their adaptation
to globalization.

METHODOLOGY
This research employs a qualitative and quantitative approach, utilizing the
following methods:
Historical Comparative Analysis – Comparison of the diachronic changes in
English and Uzbek.
Linguistic Analysis – Examination of phonetic, morphological, and syntactic
transformations.
Sociolinguistic Study – Analysis of contemporary usage in society, education,
and media.
Corpus Linguistics – Investigation of vocabulary frequency and word borrowing
trends.

ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
The evolution of English and Uzbek has been shaped by historical events,
foreign influences, and globalization. Both languages have undergone significant
lexical and structural transformations over time.
1. Diachronic Development: English has been influenced by Latin, French, and
Germanic languages, expanding its vocabulary through historical periods such as the
Industrial Revolution and the digital age. Uzbek has incorporated Arabic, Persian, and
Russian elements, with the Soviet era introducing many loanwords. However, post-
independence reforms have focused on linguistic purification and modernization.
2. Synchronic Analysis: English functions as a global lingua franca, widely used
in business, education, and international institutions. It continues to evolve with
technological advancements and internet culture.
Uzbek is undergoing lexical modernization by integrating English loanwords.
Language policies emphasize its role as a national identity marker, promoting its
presence in digital platforms and academia.
3. Globalization and Language Change: English maintains its global dominance
in communication, education, and technology. Uzbek is developing through 171
government efforts such as transitioning to the Latin script, promoting its use in

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