Page 152 - rise 2017

1. Introduction
As urbanization become inevitable, many vacant green areas were developed as commercial
areas neglecting the advantages of having one. If any development providing green spaces claiming
their property as “Sustainable and Environmental Friendly” as the key selling point, most of it are
green fads. If the design process had been scrutinized, the planning itself is unsustainable. In other
words, the development produces its own carbon footprint in a large scale, right from the
conception and ideation of the project, the resources they imply is unsustainable. Furthermore,
according to Strohbach and Haase (2012), even though cities with widely available green spaces they
still have low potential to mitigate the carbon emission. The way a green space had been maintained
could contribute to the factors of carbon emissions [1]. Thus, this research would generate ideal
characteristics of a green space that could mitigate the carbon emission. When the carbon emitted is
offset, the act leads to carbon neutral. More trees lead to lesser carbon dioxide (CO2) released into
the atmosphere. The aim of this research is to identify the green space design characteristics that
support carbon neutral objective. In other words, this research will identify the factors to offset the
carbon emission during the green space conception, construction and maintenance and especially
the renewal stage.

Fig. 1.1: Green Space Optimum Design Characteristics

Most researches are focusing on the Energy Efficiency used by building [6]. Few and rare
studies had been done to study how efficient a green space been produced to achieve landscape
sustainability. This is to reduce the demolition and transition of a green space and changed it to new
landscape design just to suit the youth or new generations’ needs. It is recommended to allow the
old green spaces to be changed overtime after allowing it to offset their carbon emitted caused
during the landscape processes start from the ideation and conception processes to the
implementation and landscape maintenance processes. Figure 1.1 mapped the triadic factors
influencing the green space optimum design characteristics which are the i) design relevance up to