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Figure 1 – Research model

Hypotheses
The conceptual framework essentially consists of main independent variables with two components and
one dependent variable. The overriding objective of this study is to investigate whether the relationship
support the independent and dependent variables. In developing the hypotheses, the justification for the
selection of independent and dependent variables and the relationship between them has been discussed.

H1: There is positive relationship between intrinsic rewards and job satisfaction of administrative staff in
Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN).
H2: There is positive relationship between extrinsic rewards and job satisfaction of administrative staff in
Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN).

Research methodology

Sample and procedure of data collection
This study involved various levels of administrative staff in Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN) for
Campus Putrajaya and Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Campus stated at Pahang. This study was conducted
cross-sectional, in which all study variables were measured at the same point of time. We then randomly
selected 500 employees from each department. A self-administered questionnaire was given to each
participant to complete, with a specified time period of one week. The distribution and collection
completed questionnaires take about a month. Out of 500 questionnaires distributed, a total of 130
questionnaires were returned yielding response rate of 26 percent. From these, 30 responses were not
usable. Specifically, the questionnaires were incomplete and not answered by the respondents. Given
that these responses were either incomplete or were answered by individuals who are not the subject in
this study, these 30 responses were excluded from subsequent data analyses. Therefore, only 100 useable
questionnaires were finally obtained for the research, yielding an overall response rate of 20 percent were
coded and analyzed.

Instrument and scale Measurement of Variables
A questionnaire comprising 38 questions relating to participants’ demographic information, Rewards
practice (intrinsic and extrinsic) and Job satisfaction variables was developed. In this study, there was
one questionnaire for the subordinates to answer. This questionnaire consists of three sections. Section
A comprised 10 items measuring intrinsic rewards practices and 10 questions measuring extrinsic
rewards practices. Section B included 10 items measuring employee job satisfaction. Section C
consisted of 8 respondents’ demographic related items. The measures used to measure the variables in
this study were adopted from various sources.