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The dependent variable in this study was job satisfaction of employee. The job satisfaction was
measured using ten (10) items adopted from Clifford (1985). The response format was based on a 5-
point Likert scale ranging from 1=Strongly Disagree to 5=Strongly Agree. The independent variables in
this study were employees’ perception of quality of rewards practices which is consisted of intrinsic and
extrinsic. All measures of rewards practices were on a five-point Likert scale, ranging from 1=Strongly
Disagree to 5=Strongly Agree.
The survey instrument was pre-tested with ten respondents of administrative staffs from three
departments in UNITEN. This pilot study was conducted to ensure that the targeted respondents in this
study would understand clearly the instructions and the statements in the questionnaire. Based on the
comments and responses, the items were carefully reviewed and refined to avoid any conceptual
ambiguity and to ensure sentence clarity and conciseness.

Data analysis
The data collected for this study were coded and analyze using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences
(IBM SPSS version 22.00 for Windows). Reliability is concerned with the research and results in term of
replication. Similar outcomes should be obtained if the research is repeated. The internal consistencies
of the newly found factors were examined by computing the values of Cronbach Alpha. In this study, the
recommendation by Sekaran (2003) pertaining to minimum acceptable Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.50 has
been used. Descriptive statistics were used to interpret the data by providing percentages and numeric
values of times each value was obtained. Regression analysis has been used was to test the hypotheses
(H1 and H2) by determining the strength of the relationship between the variables with a 0.05 significant
level.

Findings

Profiles of respondents
Respondents were asked to answer about their gender, age, race, marital status, educational level, job
tenure and working experience. The majority of administrative staff is 51 percent female. Most
respondents are single, consists of 51 percent and majority of them were relatively young, between 18 to
35 years. In term of qualification, majority (43%) had a bachelor degree and the remaining respondents
(24%) had both Diploma and SPM Certificate holder. Of the 100 respondents, 89 percent was Malay, 4
percent was Chinese and 7% was India. This composition is in line with the ethnicity composition in
Universiti Tenaga Nasional where majority of employee was hired from Malay race. Respondents were
also asked to answer questions about their current position, job tenure and working experience.
Out of 100 respondents, majority of the respondents was Non-executive / Admin Assistant
(61%); followed by the Executive (15%), include Administrative Officer (11%) and the rest below than
10 percent. In term of job tenure, the majority the majority of the respondents, 44 respondents (44%) had
1 until 3 years’ tenure, 23 respondents (23%) had work as administrative staff in UNITEN for more than
six years, whilst the remaining respondents indicated that they had working less than a year (15%) and 19
percent respondents for 4 until 6 years working services. On the job experience, majority of the
respondents (43%) had worked as an administrative staff for 1 until three years, 27 percent respondents
indicated they have worked between 4 until 6 years, whilst the remaining 25 percent respondents
indicated they have worked at the current position for more than six years and 5 percent less than a year
working experience. Descriptive statistics of the respondent profile is shown in Table I.

Table I Descriptive statistic of the respondent profile
Measure Items Frequencies (%)
Gender Male 49 49.0
Female 51 51.0
Age 18 to 25 years 19 19.0
26 to 35 years 62 62.0
36 to 45 years 9 9.0
46 to 55 years 8 8.0
56 years and above 2 2.0
Race Malay 89 89.0