Page 57 - Dilmun 23

‫ﻭﺗﻌﻮﺩ ﺗﻻﻝ ﻣﺪﺍﻓﻦ ﻣﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﻟﻔﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﺯﻴﻨﻣﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﻤﺘﺪ ﻣﻦﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻻﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ٦٢٢‬ﻣﻴﻻﺩﻳﺔ "‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﻦﻛﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻞ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ .‬ﻭﺎﻨﻫﻙ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﺣﺘﻮﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻻﻝ ﺃﻭﺎﻬﺘﺤﺿ‬

‫ﺃﺎﻤﻋﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺐ ﺍﻷﺛﺮﻱ"‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﻥ ﺴﻣﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻦﺋ ﻣﻦﺗﻻﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺍﻓﻦ‪ 2‬ﻣﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﻠﺖ ﻟﻠﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻴﻦ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻏﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻭﺮﻴﺤﻣﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻗﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻃﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻲﺘﻟ ﺗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺩﻓﻌﺖ ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻴﻦ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺮﻃﺡ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﻮﺟﺩﺎﻫ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻌﻲ ﺇﻰﻟ ﻣﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺇﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ‬

‫ﻟﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻰﻟ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺎﺕ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔﻟﺘﻻﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺍﻓﻦ ﻣﺎ ﻃﺮﺣﻪ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻲ (ﺃﺭﺖﺴﻧ ﻣﻜﺎﻱ‪٥،٩٢ -‬ﺍ)ﻡ ﺇﺫ ﺷﻜﻠﺖ ﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓﻗﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻔﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻜﻠﻤﻣﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻘﺒﺮﺓ ﺗﻨﻘﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻮﻣﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﻃﺮﺣﻪ (ﻻﻣﺒﺮﺝ ﻛﺎ)ﺭﻟﻮﻓﺴﻜﻲ‪ Lmberg kar;ovsky-‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻓﺴﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻦﺋ ﺇﻰﻟ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﺮﺤﺒﻟﻦﻳ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺩﻟﻤﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺣﺘﻠﺖ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺳﺔ ﺪﻟﻯ‬
‫ﺷﻌﻮﺏ ﺑﻻﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻣﺮﻳﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻣﺮﻱ ﻧﺠﺪﻫﺎ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﻣﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻧﻜﻲ ﺍﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﺬﻌﻟﺑﺔ ﻭﺯﻭﻪﺘﺟ ﻧﻴﻨﺨﻮﺭﺳﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻘﺮ ﺍﻹﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻤﻮﻧﻲ ﺇﻧﺰﺍﻙ (ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻝ) ﻭﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻴﻨﺴﺎﻛﻴﻻ (ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮﺓ) ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ﻳﺘﻔﻖ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺑﻤﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺲﻭﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺮﻘﻣﺍ ﻟﻠﺪﻓﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰﻱ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪﻭﻥ ﺑﻘﺪﺳﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺑﺄﺎﻬﻧ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﻭﻣﻘﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺭﻦﻴﻛ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺤﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻴﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮﻥ ﻍ ﺛﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻔﺎﺱ ﺧﺎﻟﺪﺓ‬

‫ﻭﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺇﻟﻪ ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺟﻠﺒﺖ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻮﻣﺍﺕ"‪.‬‬

‫‪١٩٩١‬ﻡ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍ‪ -‬ﺗﺠﻢ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ‪ 4‬ﺍﺮﺤﺒﻟﻦﻳ‪ 2‬ﺛﻻﺛﺔ ﻋﻘﻮﺩ ﻣﺴﻊ ﺎﻘﺛ‪ ±‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔﺍﺮﺤﺒﻟﻦﻳ‪١٩٦١-‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻦﻳ‪، ،‬ﻡ‪ ١٩٩٢‬ﺹ ﺹ ‪٠١٣ ١٢‬‬

‫‪ ٢-‬ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻢﻴﻫ‪ ٠‬ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﺮﺧﻭﻥ‪:‬ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻓﻦ‪ 2‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ ﺍﺪﻘﻟﻢﻳ‪ .‬ﺳﻮﺭﻳﺎ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﺴﻄﻴﻦ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻻﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺪﻤﻟﻦﻓ‪ ±‬ﺍﻟﻮﻣﻠﻦ ﺍﺮﻌﻟﻲﺑ‪،‬ﺍﻤﻈﻨﻤﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺎﻘﺜﻟﺔﻓﻭﺍﻮﻠﻌﻟﻡ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻧﺲ‪ ٠١٩٨٧ ،‬ﻡ‪ :٨٢١‬ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺷﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﺿﺎ ﺟﻮﺍﺩ‪ :‬ﺃﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻲﺑ ﻭﺍﺰﺠﻟﺮﻳﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ٠‬ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔﻦﺑﻘﺪﺍﺻﺩ‪ ٠١٩٨٤،‬ﺹ‪.٨١١٩١١‬‬
‫‪3- Lamberg, arlovosky CC "Death in Dilmun ", In Bharain Through the Agse : The‬‬

‫‪ndon, 1986,‬ﺔ‪Archaeology, AI Khalifa, Haya Rice, M k;egan Paul intemational Ltd, L‬‬

‫‪pp 157 165.‬‬

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