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‫ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﻻﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺍﻓﻦ ﻍ ﻣﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ‬

‫ﺖﻴﻣ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻚ ﻟﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺗﻻﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺍﻓﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺕ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺑﻤﺎ ﺿﻌﻒ ﻫﺬ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺮﻳﻯ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﻮﺟﺩ ﺩﻓﻨﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺗﻨﺘﻤﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﻧﺰﻱ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺮﺛﻯ‬

‫ﻜﻠﻤﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀﺍﻟﻤﻄﺮﻭﺣﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﻻﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺍﻓﻦ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻫﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺭﻦﻴﺋ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﻘﺒﺖ ‪2‬ﺗﻻﻝ ﻣﺪﺍﻓﻦ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻤﺪ (ﻙ‪.‬ﻡ ﺳﺮﻳ‪،‬ﻔﺎﺳﺘﺎﻓﺎ)‪ Srivastava, .M‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺮﻳﻯ ﺑﺄﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻻﻝ ﺪﻣﺍﻦﻓ ﻣﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﻮﺩ ﻟﻠﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺤﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺳﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺃﻳ ًﻀﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻻﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺪﻓﻦﻳ ﺃﺣﻀﺮ ﻭﺩﻓﻦ‪ 2‬ﻣﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻌﺜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﺃﻳﺔ ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎ ﺃﺛﺮﻳﺔ ﺗﻌﻮﺩ ﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﻻﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﺪﻳﻦ‪ 2‬ﺗﻻﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺍﻓﻦ "‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺮﺿﻨﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺍﺀ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺗﻻﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺍﻦﻓ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺸﻴﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ (ﺏ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﻭﻟﻴﺘ)ﺶ‪ B. Frohlich--‬ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮﺭﻳﻦ &‬
‫ﺗﻻﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺍﻓﻦ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺩﻟﻤﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻴﻤﻴﻦ ﻑ ﻣﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﺗﻔﻖ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻫﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫(ﻻﻣﺒﺮﺝ ﻛﺎﺭﻟﻮﻓﺴﻜﻲ‪ Lamberg k;arlovsky)-‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﻮﻥ ﻣﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺩﻟﻤﻮﻥ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺃﺭﺽ ﻣﻘﺪﺳﺔ ﻭﺃﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻮﻕ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﻦ ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺠﻠﺐ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﺑﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﻻﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺇﻧﻨﻲ ﺃﺭﻯ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻣﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﺓ (ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺪﺋﻳﺔ) ﻭﺗﻢ ﺩﻓﻨﻬﻢ‪2‬‬

‫ﺃﺭﺽ ﺩﻟﻤﻮﻥ ﻳﻨﻘﺴﻤﻮﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﺴﻤﻴﻦ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻵﺗﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻣﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﺓ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﻻﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻮﻣﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭﻏﻴﺮﻫﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭ ﻭﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻛﺰﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﺄﺗﻮﻥ‬

‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺩﻟﻤﻮﻥ ﻟﻴﻌﻴﺸﻮﺍ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﺭﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺪﻓﻨﻮﺍ ﺑﺄﺭﺿﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻤﺎﺗﻬﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪1 Frohlich, B : "hTe Humam Biological Histoyr of hte Ealry Bronze Age population‬‬
‫‪in Bahrain " in Bharain Through the Ages hTe Archaeology, AL Khalifa, Haya and‬‬
‫‪Rice, M : Kegan Paul intemational Ltd ٠ London, 1986, p47- 63.‬‬
‫‪2- Srivastava, K٠ M: Madinat Hamad- Buiral Mounds - 1984 85,Govemment press,‬‬
‫‪Minisyrt of infomration,Biarhan National Museum, Satte of Bhaarin, 1991, pp 34-35‬‬

‫ﻟﻌﺠﻜﻄﺎ"ﺃ‬