Page 157 - Su'udi Relations with Eastern Arabi & Uman (1800-1870)

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118 Even before ihc accession of the Nabhani family, there were individuals who, after being
elected imams, showed little respect for Ibadi teachings. Such rulers were labelled asjababirah
(tyrants). See the work of an anonymous ‘Umani historian, Akhbar Ahl *Uman min Avxwali
Isldmihim ila Ikhtilafi Kalimatihim, edited by Hedwig Klein (Hamburg, 1357/1938), p. 15.
119 S. B. Miles, The Countries and Tribes ofthe PersianGulf, (London: Frank Cass, 1966),p. 262.
120 R. Said-Ructc, Sa'id bin Sultan (1791-1856), (London: Alexander- Ouselcy, 1929), p. 3.
121 Lorimcr, Gazetteer, vol. 2, pp. 1368-1450, provides detailed information on the topography,
boundaries, and population of each district and settlement in both the Sultanate and the coastal
regions.
122 See Warden, “Historical Sketch of the Joasmee Tribe”, Bombay Selections, pp. 300-301.
123 S. B. Miles, The Countries and Tribes in the Persian Gulf, p. 269; Kelly, Britain and the Persian
Gulf, p. 17.
124 Miles, The Countries and Tribes, p. 269.
125 G. Rentz, “Kawasim”. E.I., 2nd ed., vol. 4, p. 717.
126 Salim b. Humud al-Siyabi, Is*af al-A(yan ft Ansab Ahl*Uman (Beirut: Manshurat al-Maktab
al-Islaml, 1965), p. 74.
127 Miles, The Countries and Tribes, p. 269.
128 Ibid.
129 Carsten Niebuhr, Description de VArabic, d’apres les observations et recherches faites dans le pays
meme (Paris: Brunet, 1779), p. 254.
130 See Patricia Dubuisson, “QasimI Piracy and the General Treaty of Peace (1820)”, M.A.
Thesis, Institute of Islamic Studies, McGill University, 1975, p. 23.
131 Landen, Oman Since 1856, p. 8; Donald Hawley, The Trucial States (London: Allen and
Unwin, 1970), p. 94.
132 Rentz, “Kawasim”, E.I., 2nd ed., vol. 4, p. 717.

Chapter III

133 Detailed accounts on the life and works of Ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhab can be found in Ibn
Ghannam, Rawdat al-Afkar, vol. 1, pp. 25-74; Ibn Bishr, *Univan al-Majd, vol. 1, pp. 8-19;
Philby, Arabia, pp. 8-12; Rentz, “Muhammad b. ‘Abd al-Wahhab (1703-4/1792) and the
beginnings of Unitarian Empire in Arabia”, California (unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Berkeley,
1948), pp. 14-55.
134 Su‘udl history is divided into three periods. The first (1745-1818) ended when Dir*iyah fell
into the hands of Ibrahim Pasha. The second began in 1824, when Turk! b. ‘Abd Allah of the
Su‘udl House expelled the Egyptian garrison from Riyad and established his own rule. This pencil
ended in 1891, when, as a result of the Su‘udl inability to compete with the dynasty of A1 Rashid,
the Amir ‘Abd al-Rahman b. Favsal left Riyad for Qatar and eventually Kuwavt. The third penod
began in 1902, with ‘Abd al-‘Aziz’b. Su'ud’s capture of Riyad and the gradual establishment of the
present Su‘udl state.
135 Both the father and grandfather of Muhammad b. ‘Abd al-Wahhab wrote on issues relating to
theology and Hanball law; for these and other treatises written by various 'ulama in Naid m
various periods, consult Majmu‘at al-Rasa’il zva al-Masa’il al-Najdiyah, 1st ed. (Cairo: Matba at
al-Manar, 1346/1928), vol. 1, part 2, pp. 510-557.
136 Henri Laoust, “Hanabila”, 2nded., vol. 3, p. 158.
137 Ibn Abl Ya‘la‘ in his Tabaqat al-Handbilah (Cairo: Majba'at al-Sunnah al-Muhammadivah.
1371/1952), vol. 2, pp. 18-42, 237-241', and Ibn Rajab, Kitab al-Dhayl'ald T*bdqatal-IfanabiUhi,
(Cairo: Matba‘at al-Sunnah al-Muhammadiyah, 1372/1952) vol. l,pp. 19-24, 107-1K, 14.-104,
contain a great amount of information on these vigilant and devout Hanbalites who went aroui
commanding good and prohibiting evil.
138 Henri Laoust, “Le Hanbalisme sous le Caliphat de Bagdad (241/855-656/1258V\ Reeve Jes
Etudes Islamiques, vol. XXVII, p.83.
139 Idem, “al-Barbahari”, E.I., 2nd ed., vol. l,p. 1039.
[40 On the life, career, education, and ideas of Ibn ‘Aqil, see George Makdisi, Ibn 'Aqilet
Resurgence de l’Islam Traditionaliste au Xle siicle (Ve siHcle de I'hegire) (Damas: Instiiut Fran^ais de
Damas, 1963), particularly pp. 386-479.
141 Ibn Rajab, al-Dhayl, vol. l,p. 145.
142 Ibn Tqymlyah, al-Siyasah al-Shar'ivah fi Islah al-Ra'i xua al-Ra'iyah, (Beirut: Dar al-Kuiub
al- Arabiyah, 1386/1966), p. 137.
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