Page 158 - Su'udi Relations with Eastern Arabi & Uman (1800-1870)

143 On his persecution and imprisonment, sec Donald Little, “The Historical and
Historiographical Significance of the Detention of Ibn Taymiyya”, International Journal of Middle
East Studies, 4 (1973), pp. 311-327.
144 Ibn Bishr, ‘Unwan al-Majd, vol. 1, pp. 27,38,70.
145 Ibid, p. 28.
146 Chief among these texts arc Zad al-Mustaqni* of Al-Hujawi (d. 968/1560), al-Muntaha of Ibn
al-Najjar (d. 980/1572), and Shark al-Muntaha of al-Bahuti (d. 1051/1641). For biographies and
works of these and other Hanbalitcs, see Ibn Bishr, ’Unwan al-Majd, vol. 1, pp. 25,27,60,61,67.
147 Henri Laoust, Essai sur les doctrines socialcs et politiques de Tagi-d-Din Ahmad b. Taymiya
(Cairo: Imprimcricdc PInstitut fran<;ais d’archcologic orientale, 1939), p. 502.
148 Ibn Bishr, ‘Unzvan al-Majd, vol. 1, p. 231.
149 During his stay in al-Hasa, Ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhab met several ‘ulama’ and discussed theological
issues, mainly regarding the definitions of al-Iman and al-Islam. See ‘Abd al-Rahman b. Hasan,
‘Mukhtasar al-Rudud” in Majmu'at al-Rasa’ilwa Masa'il al-Najdiyah, vol. 2, p. 231.
150 Lam* al-Shihab, p. 23, states that most of the leading families of‘Uyaynah agreed with Ibn
Mu‘ammar’s actions.
151 Ibn Bishr, ‘Unwan al-Majd, vol. 1, p.14.
152 Fu‘ad Hamzah, Qalbjazirai al-Arab (Riyad: Matba‘at al-Nasr, 1388/1968), p. 335; Rashid
al-Hanball, Muthir al-Wajd fi Ma'rifat Atisab Muiuk Najd(Cairo: al-Matba‘ah al-Salafiyah, 1379),
p. 41.
153 Laoust, Essai, p. 516.
154 Muhammad b. Su‘ud used to collect yearly taxes from his subjects, but the sources do not
specify amounts of revenue nor his manner of collection. This custom was replaced by the newly
established source of income, al-ghanimah and zakah.
155 See the treatise written by ‘Abd Allah b. Muhammad b. ‘Abd al-Wahhab on Wahhabism in
Sulayman b. Sahman, comp., al-Hadiyah al-Saniyah via al-Tuhfah al-Wahhabiyah (Cairo:
Matba‘at al-Manar, 1925), pp. 35-50.
156 Wilfred C. Smith, Islam in Modem History, 5th printing, (New York: The New American
Library, 1957),p. 49.
157 ‘Abd Allah, son of Muhammad b. ‘Abd al-Wahhab, accompanied Amir Su‘ud b. ‘Abd
al-‘Aziz on the conquest of Hijaz in 1805-6 and supported his action in ‘Iraq; see Ibn Bishr,
’Unwan al-Majd, vol. 1, p. 149; Laoust, “Ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhab”, £./., 2nd ed., vol. 3, p. 678.
158 With the graduaj ascendancy of the Su‘udi-Wahhabl movement and the seemingly inevitable
annexation of the neighbouring tiny emirates, including‘Uyaynah, Ibn Mu‘ammar apparently
began to fear the fate of his own principality. He therefore engaged in secret negotiations with the
amir of Tharmida and the chief of the powerful Zafir tribe with the objective of curbing Su‘udi
activities. But before these negotiations got far off the ground, one of his fellow citizens
assassinated him in the great mosque of‘Uyaynah. For more details on this matter, see Ibn
Ghannam, Razvdat al-Afkar, vol. 1, pp. 12-14; Ibn Bishr, ‘Unwan al-Majd, vol. 1, pp. 26-29.
159 Lam‘ al-Shihab, p. 31.
160 Ibn Bishr, ‘Unwan al-Majd, vol. 1, p. 58; Lam‘ al-Shihab, p. 31.

Chapter IV

161 See A. Wilson, The Persian Gulf (London: Allen and Unwin, 1954), p. 125.
162 P. Holt, ‘“Iraq”, £./., 2nd ed., vol. 3, p. 1257.
163 Longrigg, Four Centuries, p. 214.
164 Burckhardt, Notes, vol. 2, p. 102.
165 Kirkukli, Dawhat al-Wuzara’, p. 185.
166 Ibn Bishr, ‘Unwan al-Majd, vol. 1, p. 78.
167 Ibn Bishr, ‘Unwan al-Majd, vol. 1, p. 78.
168 D. G. Hogarth, Arabia (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1922), p. 115.
169 see below, p. 55
170 See J. B. Kelly, Britain and the Persian Gulf, p. 45.
171 A. Wilson, The Persian Gulf, p. 161.

152