Page 160 - Su'udi Relations with Eastern Arabi & Uman (1800-1870)

210 See M. S. El-Shaafy, “The Military Organization of the First Saudi State”, Annual of the
Leeds University Oriental Society, vol. VII (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1975), pp. 61-75.
211 Ibn Ghannam, Rawdat al-Afhar, vol. 2, p. 225.
212 Ibid; the ‘Amayir, a Banu Khalid clan, lived from pearl diving and sailing in al-Zubarah,
al-Bahrayn, and al-Kuwayt. Sec Lam' al-Shihab, p. 157.
213 Of ‘UmanI origin, the Nu‘aym were invited to Qatar in earlier years to help expel
Musallam. See Lorimer, Gazetteer, vol. 2, p. 1307.
214 Al-Nabhani, al-Tihfah, p. 127.
215 Al-Nabhani, al-Tuhfah, p. 122, states that the chief of al-Zubarah, Khalifah (d. 1782),
composed trcaiisc in verse refuting Wahhabism and called it bid'ah.
216 Lam* al-Shihab, p. 103.
217 Ibid.
218 Ibid', Amin al-Rihani in Muluk al *Arab, vol. 2, p. 242, and al-Nabhani in al-Tuhfah, p. 125,
indicate that Salman and his followers had moved to al-Bahrayn previously.
219 See Muhammad Sharif al-Shavbani, Imarat Qatar bayn al-Madi zva al-hadir (Beirut: Dar
al-Thaqafah, 1382/1962), p. 38.
220 Warden, “Historical Sketch”, p. 365.
221 Ibid.
222 Lorimer, Gazetteer, vol. 1, p. 840.
223 For ample information on the character and activities of rahmah, see J. S. Buckingham,
Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, vol. 2, pp. 356-7; Ibn Bishr, *Unwan al-Majd, vol. 2, pp.
32-34.
224 Kelly, Britain, p. 27.
225 Al-Nabhani, al-Tuhfah, p. 27.
226 S.B. Miles, “Sketch of the Career of Scyyid Sultan b. Ahmed”, Administration Report for
1887-1888, p. 26.
227 Ibid.
228 Lorimer, Gazetteer, vol. 1, p. 422.
229 E. C. Ross, “Outlines of the History of‘Oman from 1728 to 1883”, Administration Report for
1882-1883, p. 24.
230 On religious (sectarian) factionalism in a later period, see Fahim I. Qubain, “Social Class and
Tensions in Bahrain”, The Middle East Journal, vol. 9, no. 3, (Summer 1955), pp. 269-79.
231 Al-Nabhani, al-Tuhfah, p. 130.
232 Ibid.
233 Ibn Ruzayq, al-Fath al-Mubin, folio 193.
234 G. P. Badger, History of the Imams and Seyyids of Oman, p. Ivii.
235 Ibid.
236 Miles, Countries and Tribes, p. 294.
237 See Abu Hakima, Ta’nkh al-Kuwayt, vol. 1, part 1, p. 265.
238 Lam* al-Shihab, p. 94.
239 Ibn Bishr, * Unwan al-Majd, vol. 1, p. 148.
240 Sec Burckhardt, Notes on the Bedouin and the Wahabees, vol. 2, p. 119.
241 Ibid.
242 Warden, “Historical Sketch”, p. 430; Wilson, The Persian Gulf, p. 198.
243 See Winder, Saudi Arabia, p. 31.
244 Wilson, The Persian Gulf, p. 198.
245 Lorimer, Gazetteer, vol. 1, p. 842.
246 Ibid.
247 Warden, “Historical Sketch”, p. 305.
248 See Tadjbakhche, La Question des lies Bahrein (Paris: A. Pendone, 1960), p. 62.
249 Ibn ‘Isa, Ta’rikh Ba'ddl-Hawadith, p. 134.
250 Ibid; Ibn Bishr, * Unwan al-Majd, vol. 1, p. 181.
251 Ibid.
154