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5IF QBTU QFSGFDU UFOTFT Verbs + to infi nitive or -ing

The past perfect simple tense is used: 7FSCT GPMMPXFE CZ UIF JOm OJUJWF
t to indicate that we are talking about an action which took The infi nitive without to is used after:
place, or a state which existed, CFGPSF another activity
or situation in the past, which is described in the past t modal verbs:
simple: We must hurry or we’ll be late.
When Maria got home, they had eaten dinner. The to infi nitive is used after:
Compare: When Maria got home, they ate dinner. (They t some verbs which are modal in meaning:
ate dinner when she arrived.) I have to go to work tomorrow.
t typically with time expressions like when, as soon as, after, You ought to get more sleep.
before, it was the fi rst time, etc. You need to think again. You don’t need to worry.
He went home as soon as he’d fi nished his work. /PUF The verb need has an alternative negative form,
needn’t, which is followed by the infi nitive without to:
The past perfect continuous tense is used:
You needn’t worry.
t to focus on the length of time:
My eyes were really tired because I’d been reading for t certain verbs, e.g. afford, agree, arrange, appear, attempt,
two or three hours in bad light. choose, decide, expect, hope, intend, learn, manage,
offer, pretend, promise, refuse, seem:
t to say how long something happened up to a point in the We can’t afford to go on holiday this year.
past:
It was two months before any of the teachers noticed that t certain verbs + object, e.g. advise, allow, ask, convince,
Mike hadn’t been coming to school. enable, encourage, forbid, force, get, instruct, invite,
order, persuade, remind, require, teach, tell, train, want,
would BOE used to warn, wish:
You can’t force people to believe something.
Would + infi nitive and used to + infi nitive are used to talk My father taught me to swim.
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about things which happened repeatedly in the past but
don’t happen now: /PUF After the verb help, the to can be omitted before
When I was small, my mother would read to me in bed and the infi nitive:
she’d sing me a song to help me to sleep. While she was She helped me (to) revise for my exam.
reading to me, my father used to wash up the dinner things.
7FSCT GPMMPXFE CZ UIF -ing GPSN
t Use used to, not would, to talk about past states which no
The -ing form of the verb is used after:
longer exist:
There used to be a grocer’s opposite the bus station. (not t some verbs which express likes and dislikes, e.g. dislike,
There would be). enjoy, loathe, (don’t) mind, (can’t) stand:
She can’t stand getting stuck in a traffi c jam.
t Used to only exists in the past. It has no other tenses. The
negative is didn’t use to: But note the following exceptions:
He didn’t use to be so short-tempered. – hate/like/love/prefer are usually followed by the -ing
form but are sometimes followed by the to infi nitive
The question form is Did (subject) use to: (see below).
Did you use to enjoy school when you were a kid?
– would + hate/like/love/prefer is always followed by the
t Use the past simple, not used to or would, to specify how to infi nitive:
many times or how often something happened: I’d hate to get up early every morning.
Charlie used to be a very successful tennis player. He won
the junior championship three times. t certain verbs, e.g. admit, appreciate, avoid, can’t help,
consider, delay, deny, fi nish, imagine, involve, keep,
miss, postpone, prevent, recommend, report, resist, risk,
suggest:
The prime minister has just fi nished speaking.

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