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www.english0905.com Language reference

/PUF Unlike but, however cannot be used to link two t over- can mean ‘(from) above’:
contrasting clauses in the same sentence. overview, oversee
t Nevertheless has the same function but is more formal. It It can also mean ‘too much’ or ‘more than usual’:
normally goes at the beginning of the sentence: overworked, overspend
This is an extremely diffi cult decision. Nevertheless, it is t under- can mean ‘below’:
one that we have to make. underground, undermine
It can also mean ‘not enough’:
Word formation underpaid, undervalue
"EEJOH QSFm YFT "EEJOH TVGm YFT

1SFm YFT UP HJWF OFHBUJWF NFBOJOHT Verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs can be formed from
Some words can be given a negative meaning by adding a other related or base words by adding a suffi x to the end of
prefi x (e.g. dis- + like = dislike) to the beginning of a word. the word (e.g. appear + -ance = appearance). There are no
Here are some common prefi xes which can be used to give clear rules – each word and the words which can be formed
a negative meaning: from it must be learned individually.
t dis-: disrespect Some of the most common suffi xes and their usual
t in-: inconvenience meanings are listed below.
t un-: unconventional
WFSC OPVO
Before many (but not all) words beginning with:
suffi x verb noun notes
t l we add the prefi x il-: illiterate -ment recruit recruitment used to form nouns
t N and p we add the prefi x im-: imperfect which refer to an
t S we add the prefi x ir-: irrational
action or process or
1SFm YFT UP TBZ XIFO TPNFUIJOH IBQQFOT its result
t QSF means ‘before a time or event’: www.english0905.com accusation added to verbs to
-ation, accuse
premature (= happening or done too soon, especially -ition, defi ne defi nition form nouns showing
before the natural or desired time) -tion, distract distraction action or condition
t QPTU means ‘after’ or ‘later than’: -sion provide provision
postgraduate (= a student who has already obtained -er, rule ruler added to some verbs
one degree and is studying at a university for a more -or supervise supervisor to form nouns which
advanced qualifi cation i.e. after graduating) refer to people or
things that do that
1SFm YFT UP JOEJDBUF BUUJUVEF
activity
t pro- means ‘supporting or approving of something’ and
with this meaning it is normally used with a hyphen: -ance, acquaint acquaintance used to form nouns
pro-European -ence interfere interference which refer to an
action, a series of
t anti- means ‘opposed to’ or ‘against’ and is normally used actions, or a state
with a hyphen:
anti-social, anti-terrorist -ant contest contestant used to refer to a
person or thing
0UIFS QSFm YFT BOE UIFJS NFBOJOHT performing or causing
t mis- usually means ‘wrongly’ or ‘badly’: the action
misbehave (= behave wrongly or badly) -al arrive arrival used to add the
t re- usually means ‘again’ and is often added to verbs: meaning ‘the action
redevelop (= to change an area of a town by replacing old of’ to a noun
buildings, roads, etc. with new ones, i.e. to develop again) -ee train trainee refers to the person
t inter- means ‘between’ or ‘among’: to whom the action
interactive (= involving communication between people) of the verb is being
done

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