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the informal sector. Additionally, women are recent years there have been explicit moves to all, the Constitution imposes a fundamental duty
Crime Against chores (e.g., cooking, fetching water, and looking have been given representation in the Panchayati renounce the practices derogatory to the dignity
on every citizen through Articles 15(A) (e) to
traditionally responsible for the daily household
increase women's political participation. Women
of women.
Raj system as a sign of political empowerment.
after children). Since Indian culture hinders
women's access to jobs in stores, factories and the
There are many elected women representatives
All these are fundamental rights. Therefore, a
public sector, the informal sector is particularly
at the village council level. At the central
woman can go to the court if one is subjected
important for women. There are estimates that
to any discrimination. When we talk about
and state levels too women are progressively
Women & over 90 percent of workingwomen are involved in making a difference. Today we have women constitutional rights of women in India,
Chief Ministers in five large states of India. The
we mainly pertain to those areas where
the informal sector.
Women's reservation policy bill is slated to further
The informal sector includes jobs such as
discrimination is done against women and special
laws formulated to fight those bigotries. The
domestic servant, small trader, artisan, or field
strengthen political participation.
labourer on a family farm. Most of these jobs
most important issues stand as those pertaining
are unskilled and low paying and do not provide
NGO's Available for Help Woman
to marriage, children, abortion, crimes against
Before modern Hindu laws were passed, child
however, cultural practices vary from region to
its Impact on Real India benefits to the worker. More importantly, Astitv Foundation, Delhi women, and inheritance.
marriages were the norms, inter-caste marriages
Woman Security App
region. Though it is a broad generalization, North
AW+: Makes woman more secured in road of
India tends to be more patriarchal and feudal
were banned, the girl became a part of the
than South India. Women in northern India have
the 19th century, the British rulers passed several
more restrictions placed on their behaviour, India husband's family, and polygamy was common. In
here is no doubt that we are in the midst of illiteracy and the oppressive tradition. Names like thereby restricting their access to work. Southern Constitutional Rights: laws to protect customs and traditions while
a great revolution in the history of women. Kalpana Chawla: The Indian born, who fought India tends to be more egalitarian, women have The Constitution of India guarantees equality of abolishing detestable practices like Sati. Some
TThe evidence is everywhere; the voice of her way up into NASA and was the first women relatively more freedom, and women have a sexes and in fact grants special favours to women. such revolutionary laws were Hindu Widows
women is increasingly heard in Parliament, courts in space, and Indira Gandhi: The Iron Woman more prominent presence in society. Cultural These can be found in three articles of the Remarriage Act 1865 and the BrahmoSamaj
and in the streets. While women in the West had to of India was the Prime Minister of the Nation, restrictions however are changing, and women are Constitution. Article 14 says that the government Marriage Act 1872, the forerunner of the present
fight for over a century to get some of their basic Beauty Queens like Aishwarya Rai and Susmita freer to participate in the formal economy, though shall not deny to any person equality before law Special Marriage Act. In the beginning, the Act
rights, like the right to vote, the Constitution of Sen, and Mother Teresa are not representative of the shortage of jobs throughout the country or the equal protection of the laws. Article 15 sets four essential conditions for a valid Hindu
Created by : India gave women equal rights with men from the the condition of Indian women. contributes to low female employment. But in declares that government shall not discriminate marriage. They are:
1. Monogamy
against any citizen on the ground of sex. Article
the recent years, conditions of working women
Ekta Dhama beginning. Unfortunately, women in this country Women's Contribution to the Economy: in India have improved considerably. More and 15(3) makes a special provision enabling the 2. Sound mind
are mostly unaware of their rights because of
Advocate illiteracy and the oppressive tradition. Names like Although most women in India work and more women find themselves in positions of State to make affirmative discriminations in 3. Marriageable age
Kalpana Chawla: The Indian born, who fought contribute to the economy in one form or respect and prestige, more and more workplaces favour of women. Moreover, the government can 4. The parties should not be too closely related
her way up into NASA and was the first women another, much of their work is not documented are now populated with women who work on pass special laws in favour of women. Article 16 Polygamy was permitted among Hindus before
in space, and Indira Gandhi: The Iron Woman or accounted for in official statistics. Women equal terms as men. Working is no longer an guarantees that no citizen shall be discriminated the Act was passed in 1955. However, after the
of India was the Prime Minister of the Nation, plow fields and harvest crops while working adjustment, a mere necessity; but a means to self against in matters of public employment on the act was passed, any man marrying again while
Beauty Queens like Aishwarya Rai and Susmita on farms, women weave and make handicrafts worth and growth. grounds of sex. Article 42 directs the State to his wife is living will be punished with fine and
Sen, and Mother Teresa are not representative of while working in household industries, women Women have now not only found their place in make provision for ensuring just and humane imprisonment up to seven years. Formerly, child
the condition of Indian women. sell food and gather wood while working in work places but are also party to governance. In conditions of work and maternity relief. Above marriages were common. The Child Marriage Act
Over 32000 murders, 19,000 rapes, 7500 dowry of 1929 was not very effective as such marriages
deaths and 36500 molestation cases are the violent were continued to be performed. Now, however,
crimes reported in India in 2006 against women. the bridegroom must be 21 years old and the bride
There are many instances of crime especially 18 years. However, there is a separate Muslim
against women go unreported in India. These are Code of Conduct, which allows polygamy of up
Over 32000 figures released by the National Crime Records to four wives as per Islamic laws.
Bureau recently. While Madhya Pradesh is worst A marriage may be invalid without the boy or
murders, 19,000 off among the states, the national capital New the girl realizing it at the time of the wedding.
rapes, 7500 dowry Delhi continues to hold on to its reputation of A civil marriage would be void if four essential
being the most unsafe city in India. Delhi takes conditions are not complied with. These
deaths and 36500 the top slot for crimes ranging from murders and conditions are listed in the Special Marriage Act
rapes to dowry deaths and abductions. (Section 4), as enumerated below:
molestation cases It reflects country's law and order situation ƒ If it is bigamy
when its capital is a cauldron of crime. Instead ƒ If either party was suffering from mental
are the violent of leading the way in tackling crime, Delhi only disorder
crimes reported seems to do worse year after year. For instance ƒ If the boy has not completed 21 years and
while the national crime rate declined negligibly the girl 18 years
in India in 2006 by .02 % in 2006; Delhi's rate grew to 357.2more ƒ The boy and the girl are too closely related,
than double the national average of 167.7. or in legal language, are "within degrees of
against women. Women in India prohibited relationship" unless custom governing
There are many There is no doubt that we are in the midst of a at least one party permits the marriage between
them. Prohibited relationships are listed in he
great revolution in the history of women. The
instances of evidence is everywhere; the voice of women Special Marriage Act.
is increasingly heard in Parliament, courts and ƒ A fifth reason for invalidating a marriage is
crime especially in the streets. While women in the West had to impotence of either party.
fight for over a century to get some of their basic There are some grounds available to the wife
against women go rights, like the right to vote, the Constitution of only, both in Hindu and civil marriages. One
unreported in India. India gave women equal rights with men from the such ground available exclusively to the wife
beginning. Unfortunately, women in this country is her husband's commission of rape, sodomy
are mostly unaware of their rights because of or bestiality. Under the Hindu Adoptions and
Maintenance Act 1956, a Hindu wife is entitled
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