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The Medium Close Up Shot and Medium Shot, while framing the subject from a
progressively wider perspective, keep a close focus on the subject and determine a

narrative emphasis on the emotional connection between the subject and the viewer.

Referring to shooting an interview ‘No Film School’ suggest placing the interviewer

right next to the camera, while suggesting that by having the subject look directly into
the camera and at eye level, the viewer can become immersed in the experience and get

the impression that the subject is speaking directly to them. An additional camera, or
cameras - offset at angles on the same side of the subject as the main camera - are very

beneficial to the editing process, and can be used to reinforce intimacy when framing

the subject in close-up. Hand or other bodily gestures can be included to reinforce the
verbal message being communicated (Acoustical Society of America [ASA], 2012).

2.6 Conclusion

This literature review has established the theoretical framework for the production of an

educational video to communicate a coaching model. The model in question is the
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‘Coach Model’, developed by the GAA as a learning framework for coaches. My
argument focuses on using a narrative approach to achieve this aim. Supporting my
argument I have outlined the importance of narrative in learning from the beginning of

civilisation and the more recent regard for this approach in educational psychology in
line with advances in constructivist theory. I have referred to the origins of digital

st
storytelling, the skills required to tell a digital story and their significance in the 21
Century world, and emphasised how using multimedia reinforces the narrative
approach. I focus then more specifically on the principles of instructional design in

multimedia relevant to the production of an educational video, particularly those

focusing on optimising cognitive load and promoting active learning. I advocate for an
approach that emphasises active learning, emotional attachment and social partnership

within the context of an authentic story that provides the learner with an opportunity for
connection with the story and the narrator and for the further development of meaning

within one’s life.

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