Page 34 - Pharmacology Mnemonics and Short Notes

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+
d- Interfere with passage of ions as Na entry across cell membrane e.g.
local anaesthetics.

e- Interference with normal metabolic pathway, e.g. sulphonamides

compete with PABA which is essential for bacterial growth.

f- Enzyme inhibition. Enzyme inhibition could be:

1. Reversible e.g. neostigmine (cholinesterase inhibitor).

2. Irreversible e.g. irreversible anticholinesterases.

g- Action on specific receptors:

Most of drugs are effective because they bind to particular target proteins.
Changes of intracellular molecular and biochemical events, responsible for

drug action.

Receptors
Macro molecular structures present on cell membrane or within the cell
that react specifically with ligand (drug, hormone or neurotransmitter) to

produce a biological response.
Affinity
Drug + Receptor D/R complex Response

(Efficacy)

Affinity is the ability of the drug to bind to a receptor forming

drug/receptor complex.
Efficacy = response is the ability of drug/receptor complex to produce a

biological response or effect.
Receptor interactions
Agonist: A drug having affinity, efficacy and rapid rate of dissociation and
is capable of fully activating the effecter system when it binds to the

receptor
e.g. adrenaline and acetylcholine.

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Pharmacology Mnemonics and Short Notes By Muhammad Ramzan Ul Rehman