Page 81 - Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes as an Emerging Paradigm for Regenerative Therapy and Nano-Medicine

Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in the.. .

Fig. 2 Mechanisms responsible for therapeutic effects providing trophic support, MSC-derived exosome attenu-
of MSC-derived exosomes in the therapy of autoim- ate apoptosis of retinal cells and promote survival of
mune uveitis and retinal injury. MSC-derived exosomes retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) enabling regeneration of
deliver immunomodulatory enabling suppression of detri- injured retinal tissue
mental immune response in autoimmune uveitis. By

neuroprotection of RGCs than those observed homolog (PTEN) expression which is an impor-
after transplantation of BM-MSCs. BM-MSCs tant suppressor of RGC axonal growth and sur-
lack the capacity to integrate into the retina and vival and through miR-146a that targets
they remain in the vitreous after application. On expression of epidermal growth factor receptor
contrary, within 1 hour after intavitreal injection, (EGFR) involved in inhibition of axon regenera-
MSC-derived exosomes diffused rapidly and suc- tion. Importantly, beneficial effects of
cessfully delivered their cargo to the inner retina, MSC-derived exosomes in the treatment of retinal
including the RGCs where they elicited their injury and in protection of RGCs were noticed
therapeutic effects through miRNA dependent only in animals that received MSC-derived
mechanisms (particularly through miR-17-92 exosomes and were not seen after therapy with
and miR21 that regulate phosphatase and tensin fibroblasts-derived exosomes confirming specific