Page 168 - Proceeding of Atrans Young Researcher's Forum 2019_Neat

“Transportation for A Better Life:
Smart Mobility for Now and Then”

23 August 2019, Bangkok, Thailand

25 Countries with largest penetration rates
0.2 0.2 23
1% 1%
1.8 20 include Pakistan (77%), Iran (32%), Bangladesh
20 8%
17 (23%) and Uzbekistan (15%). These countries
5.2
15 23% 15 possess substantial gas reserves and have been
12
15.3
67% 11 implementing policies to bring down their
10 9
7 dependency on oil imports: Iran and Pakistan since
kkkk
2014 5
5 4 4 the early 1990s, Bangladesh since the late 1990s, and
3
2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 Uzbekistan since the early 2000s.
0
1991 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Asia-Pacific Latin America Europe North America Africa
Source: NGV Global, ANGVA
Fig. 3 Regional Segmentation of the World NGV
Fleet, mln
Six of the top ten countries with largest
NGV fleets are situated in Asia, including the three
leaders namely China, Iran and Pakistan. Two of
these Asian countries, Pakistan and Iran, are
characterized by the highest penetration of gas-
fueled vehicles in the world of 77% and 32%,
respectively.
5,000 90%
4,500 4,411 77% 80%
4,069
4,000 3,700 70%
3,500
60%
3,000
50%
2,500 Source: NGV Journal, World Bank, IED
40%
2,000 32% 1,800 1,781 1,695 Fig. 5 Asia-Pacific NGV market
30%
1,500 20%
1,000 885 15% 20% In countries with high NGVs, policies have
500 450
500 2% 5% 400 10% been applied to encourage the use of NGVs. Policies
1% 2% 11%
0 3% 0%
China Iran Pakistan India Brazil Argentina Italy Colombia Thailand Uzbekistan are often grouped into price or financial incentives
Number of NGV Penetration rate and non-price measures. In countries with high NGV
Source: NGV Global, ANGVA uptake, both measures have been taken.
Fig. 4 Top ten countries with the largest NGV fleet, Financial incentives are given for vehicles
thousand as well as charging infrastructure either as direct
The main drivers of NGV market growth in subsidies, fiscal incentives, or reduced energy costs.
Asia are as follows: The Energy Saving and New Energy Vehicle Plan in
 high density and the highest population China or running a pilot project in Thailand also
growth rates in the world: 55% of the Earth’s result in financial incentives for NGVs as transport
population living here inhabits just 21% of its land companies need to comply with specific target,
area. It is an important factor driving the market for lowering the price of NGVs. Specific support for
personal cars and public transport; public charging infrastructure for passenger cars is
 high economy growth rates leading to rapid considered as essential as a positive business case for
development of the commercial transport segment; private companies to become involved is difficult as
 high air pollution in urban areas; and long as NGVs account for a small share of total
 the need to lower fuel costs and reduce vehicles.
dependency on imported oil. A number of cities give special incentives
CNG is used as a fuel in most Asian for fleet programs including taxis, buses, passenger
countries. The exceptions are Cambodia, Laos, cars (for example Bangkok, cities of Chongqing and
North Korea, Mongolia and a few other countries. Shenyang and Anhui and Gansu provinces reduced
In 2014, penetration of NGV in the Asia- the vehicle tax by 70% for NGV). This has been
Pacific region was 2.43%, with the bus segment successful in increasing the market share of NGVs.
boasting the highest rate of 17.1%. Fleet operators send a demand signal to the market
The fleet of heavy-duty trucks fueled by and act as amplifiers in promoting the uptake of
natural gas remains small, its owners being entirely NGVs by their staff and customers. Government
China-based companies. fleets and fleets controlled through public
regulations such as commercial vehicles, including

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