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TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP: TRANSPORTATION

FIG 7.3 STRATEGY FOR DEVELOPMENT OF “ULTIMATE ECO-CAR”[2]

MAKING EMISSIONS ADAPTING TO DIVERSE
1 REDUCING CO 2 2 CLEANER 3 ENERGY SOURCES

ULTIMATE ECO-CAR

PLUG-IN HYBRID VEHICLE

TOYOTA HYBRID DIESEL HYBRID ALTERNATIVE FUEL FUEL CELL ELECTRIC
SYSTEM II HYBRID VEHICLE VEHICLE VEHICLE

HYBRID TECHNOLOGY

D-4 BIOFUELS

LEAN BURN DPNR SYNTHETIC FUELS

VVT-I COMMON RAIL DL CNG

THE RIGHT VEHICLE FOR THE RIGHT PLACE AT THE RIGHT TIME

GASOLINE DIESEL ALTERNATIVE ELECTRICAL
ENGINES ENGINES FUEL ENGINES ENERGY

STRATEGY FOR DEVELOPMENT OF "ULTIMATE ECO-CAR"
Figure 7.3 describes the stages of development to take into account different possibilities.
for fuel and vehicle technology used in road Optimal integration of oil and biomass
transport sector. Gaseous fuels are already used refining sections has to be enabled such that:
as alternative fuels in current generation vehicles • The biochemical section uses hydrogen
however sustainability of gaseous fuels is rather or low-grade heat from the oil refining
limited. Hence some advanced fuels and fuel section.
processing technologies should be explored for • The fractions produced in the biochemical
the future. Some of the research ideas in this section to be sent to the oil refining
domain are: section (figure 7.4).
(a) Integration of new bio-refineries with
existing industrial complexes to reduce total Figure 7.4 shows an example of integrated bio-
capital costs and lower the cost of biofuel refining complex in which different segments of
production. This optimal integration has energy production such as fuel refining, biofuel

ROADWAYS 109