Page 105 - Medicine and Surgery

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or or +/− Despite mortality and or or (e.g. better of
Erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin doxycycline Erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin ciprofloxacin rifampicin these ∼20% Cefuroxime gentamicin Ciprofloxacin ceftazidime Metronidazole i.v. Hi-dose cotrimoxazole pentamidine i.v. pneumonia viral development

severe Asia, the with
by
be
the
complement specific Immunofluorescent or sputum lavage. with culture, blood colonise a as perihilar glass ground may but disease. early ground-glass bronchial induced diagnosis by or in originating recognised

– antibody tests: for Urine antigen. on bronchial lobar consolidation cavitation and does it airway commensal – CXR ‘butterfly’ shadowing. in shadowing, or for staining immunofluorescence
Serology fixing Rapid tests Extensive Sputum but upper Typical normal shows CT lavage sputum silver commonly increasingly

most are and
lesions
is
untreated fatal is and (raised are ∼10% prophylaxis with influenza, infants as

If infection LFTs failure. cavitating abscesses now e.g. H 5 N 1 or well as
Endocarditis. chronic Hypoalbuminaemia abnormal transaminases) common. renal Acute cause lung – Mortality Long-term required, co-trimoxazole SARS as elderly

May
such the in diagnostics. Any respiratory virus and particularly respiratory syncitial virus and those of the Herpes family (most commonly Cytomegalovirus) may cause pneumonia in the immunosuppressed

which it if prodromal confusion without purulent, Fine to pathogens common such as organ transplant and HIV patients. Influenza A may cause a solely viral pneumonia, but is often complicated by secondary bacterial infection, especially Staph. aureus.

illness pneumonia with often lesions CXR diagnostic the are of: 3 of day cough, diarrhoea leucocytosis Hyponatraemia severe upset, sputum redcurrant pneumonia cough, dry breath, of Marked particularly exertion. nothing or auscultation. viral new are
Influenza-like a causes persists, multiple main The indications presence 2–10 A period Dry or Lymphopenia marked onset, Sudden systemic mucoid (classically Lobar jelly). fever, High shortness tachycardia. hypoxia, following crackles on find to due pneumonias Viral

overall people water source 2:1 of disease, patients. to epidemics sporadic adults.

cases fit from cases in Females history a lung alcohol malignancy cystic due e.g. Diabetics common AIDS and of healthy in
of Outbreaks immuno compromised individuals with or or and opportunistic in count immunosuppressed
1% Previously infected system. Sporadic unknown Males: heart diabetes, excess Nosocomial, fibrosis neutropenic Aspiration, stroke. most infection (CD4 <200/mm 3 ) patients exception uncommon
Only Elderly The the is
With
burnetii fever) pneumophilia – (PCP) Pneumocystis pneumonia: adenovirus)

Coxiella (Q Legionella Klebsiella Pseudomonas aeruginosa Anaerobes Bacteroides Pneumocystis jiroveci (previously carinii) Viral by caused

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