Page 100 - Crisis in Higher Education

72 • Crisis in Higher Education

9. Lack of Student Preparation Cost increases Quality decreases Access decreases Graduation rate decreases Completion Time Increases Job Placement Decreases

8. Eroding Standards Quality decreases Graduation rate increases Completion Time Decreases Job Placement Decreases

7. Expanding Student Expectations Cost increases Quality decreases Access decreases Graduation rate decreases Completion time increases

6. Funding Finesse— Mixing Fees and Tuition Cost increases Quality decreases Access decreases Graduation rate decreases Completion time increases

5. Rapidly Growing Costs for Books and Supplies Cost increases Quality decreases Access decreases Graduation rate decreases Completion time increases

Root Causes 4. Limited Productivity Improvements for Universities Cost increases Quality decreases Access decreases Graduation rate decreases Completion time increases Job placement decreases Any root cause that increases cost also reduces graduation rate because high cost may cause students to work too man

Linking Root Causes to the Underlying Problems with Higher Education

3. Rise of the Ruling Class— Administrators Cost increases Quality decreases Access decreases Graduation rate decreases Completion time increases Job placement decreases Any root cause that increases cost also reduces access because high cost is a barrier to potential applicants from low- and moderate-inco

2. Declining State Support for Public Universities Cost shifts from states to students and others Quality decreases Access decreases Graduation rate decreases Completion time increases Job placement decreases

1. Lack of Understanding— Who Is the Customer? Cost increases Quality decreases Access decreases Graduation rate decreases Completion time increases Job placement decreases continuing because they see debt mounting.

TABLE 4.3 Problems 1. Cost 2. Quality 3. Access a 4. Graduation rate b 5. Completion time c 6. Job placement a b c