Page 729 - ACFE Fraud Reports 2009_2020

FIG. 79 What anti-fraud controls are the most common in FIG. 81 Cases by country in Sub-Saharan
Sub-Saharan Africa? Africa

Control Percent of cases Country Number of cases
External audit of financial statements 92% Angola 1
Code of conduct 86% Benin 1
Internal audit department 85% Botswana 5
Management certification of financial statements 82% Burundi 1
External audit of internal controls over financial reporting 79% Cameroon 4
Management review 70% Central African Republic 2
Hotline 69% Chad 1
Independent audit committee 69% Cote d’Ivoire 4
Anti-fraud policy 61% Democratic Republic of the Congo 5
Fraud training for employees 57% Ethiopia 2
Fraud training for managers/executives 54% Gabon 1
Dedicated fraud department, function, or team 49% Ghana 12
How does the perpetrator's level of authority relate to
occupational fraud in Sub-Saharan Africa?
Employee support programs 49% Kenya 53
Surprise audits 48% Lesotho 2
Formal fraud risk assessments 44% Liberia 8
Proactive data monitoring/analysis 31% Madagascar 4
Job rotation/mandatory vacation 28% Malawi 10
Rewards for whistleblowers 21% Mauritius 6
Mozambique 3
Namibia 3
FIG. 80 How does the perpetrator’s level of authority Nigeria 49
relate to occupational fraud in Sub-Saharan Africa? Rwanda 3
Senegal 2
45 South Africa 77
41%
40 37% Sudan 2
Swaziland 1
35
Tanzania 7 4
PERCENT OF C A SES 25 18% Median Loss Sub-Saharan Africa? 301 3 9
30
Togo
16
Uganda
Zambia
20
Zimbabwe
15
Total cases:
10
5
0
Employee Manager Owner/ MEDIAN LOSS:
executive
usd 100,000
$40,000

$100,000
� � � � �
MEDIAN L OSS 15%
OF ALL CASES

301

CASES

$979,000
Sub-Saharan Africa Report to the Nations 73