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Meteorology
There are three basic forms:
- Cirrus (clouds made of ice crystals, appear almost transparent).
- Stratus (layer clouds).
- Cumulus (cauliflower-shaped clouds),
plus a precipitation group:
- Nimbus – precipitation clouds.
Height Classification:
- Strato – low-lying clouds.
- Alto – middle-level clouds.
- Cirro – high-level clouds.
3.6.2.1 Strato – low-level clouds
These clouds form in the lower layers of the atmosphere, below 6500 feet. They
are often associated with prolonged precipitation.
• St = Stratus
o Small water droplets, except at very low temperatures.
o Drizzle, snow grains.
o Light to moderate icing.
o Little to no turbulence.
• SC = Stratocumulus
o Small water droplets, snow crystals in winter.
o Rarely produces precipitation.
o Forms due to turbulence or convection in saturated air layers.
o Light to moderate icing and turbulence.
• Cu = Cumulus
o Water droplets, and if ice forms at the top, it may turn into a CB.
o Moderate to strong turbulence depending on cloud height.
o Moderate to strong icing.
Flight Theory PPL(A)(UL)/LAPL Henning Andersen, Midtjysk Flyveskole© 2025 278
