Page 438 - PPL-engelsk 2025

Principles of flight

5.3.7.5 Drag vs speed ...................................................................................... 461
5.4 Stall and spinner ........................................................................................ 462

5.4.1 Stall ......................................................................................................... 462

5.4.1.1 Development of a stall ........................................................................ 463
5.4.1.2 Stall speed ........................................................................................... 463

5.4.1.3 Relationship between bank angle, G-force and stall speed ................ 465

5.4.1.4 Stall speed, bank angle and load factor .............................................. 466
5.4.1.5 Center of Gravity and stall .................................................................. 467

5.4.1.6 Stall in diffetent situations .................................................................. 468
5.4.1.7 Recovery from a stall........................................................................... 468

5.4.2 Wing design to counteract stall .............................................................. 469

5.4.2.1 Twist– geometric and aerodynamic .................................................... 470

5.4.2.2 Stall strips ............................................................................................ 470
5.4.3 Spin ......................................................................................................... 471

5.4.3.1 Development of a spin ........................................................................ 472

5.4.3.2 Recovery from a spin........................................................................... 472
5.4.4 Flaps, slots and slats ............................................................................... 473

5.4.4.1 Flaps .................................................................................................... 473

5.4.4.2 Side effects of using flaps .................................................................... 474
5.4.4.3 Slots and slats ...................................................................................... 474

5.4.4.4 Use of slots and flaps .......................................................................... 475

5.5 The 4 forces during flight .......................................................................... 476

5.5.1 Prerequisite for level straight-ahead flight ............................................ 476
5.6 Controls and maneuvering in three axes .................................................. 478

5.6.1 Axes and control surfaces....................................................................... 478

5.6.1.1 Elevator ............................................................................................... 479
5.6.1.2 The aileron .......................................................................................... 479

5.6.1.3 Rudder ................................................................................................. 482

5.6.2 Trim ......................................................................................................... 483
5.7 Stability ...................................................................................................... 484

5.7.1 Types of stability ..................................................................................... 484

5.7.1.1 Static stability ...................................................................................... 484

5.7.1.2 Dynamic stability ................................................................................. 484

Flight Theory PPL(A)(UL)/LAPL Henning Andersen, Midtjysk Flyveskole© 2025 438