Page 440 - PPL-engelsk 2025

Principles of flight

5.10.2 Climbing .................................................................................................. 508

5.10.2.1 Best climb angle and best climb rate ............................................... 509
5.10.2.2 Best climb rate Vy ............................................................................. 509

5.10.2.3 Best climb angle Vx ........................................................................... 510

5.10.2.4 Best climb angle Vx vs best climb speed Vy ...................................... 510
5.10.3 Horizontal straight and level flight ......................................................... 511

5.10.3.1 Force, effect, speed ........................................................................... 512

5.10.3.2 Best range og best endurance .......................................................... 512
5.10.4 Turn ........................................................................................................ 514

5.10.4.1 Centripetal force ............................................................................... 514

5.10.4.2 Bank vs stall speed when turning ...................................................... 515
5.10.4.3 Coordinated turn ............................................................................... 516

5.10.4.4 Speed and turn rate vs turn radius ................................................... 516

5.10.4.5 Bank and turn vs turn radius ............................................................. 517
5.10.4.6 Bank and speed vs. Risk of stall ......................................................... 517

5.10.5 Descent and glide ................................................................................... 518

5.10.5.1 Glide angle and glide ratio ................................................................ 518

5.10.5.2 Gliding speed ..................................................................................... 520
5.10.6 Landing ................................................................................................... 521

5.10.7 Landing distance .................................................................................... 522

5.10.7.1 Approach speed ................................................................................ 522

5.10.7.2 Weight ............................................................................................... 523
5.10.7.3 Headwind .......................................................................................... 523

5.10.7.4 Density altitude ................................................................................. 523

5.10.7.5 Runway slope and surface ................................................................ 524
5.11 Effects on the aircraft during landing and taxiing ................................... 525

5.11.1 Landing in crosswind .............................................................................. 525

5.11.1.1 The crab method ............................................................................... 525

5.11.1.2 The bank method .............................................................................. 526
5.11.1.3 Crosswind component / demonstrated crosswind ........................... 526

5.11.2 Taxiing on the ground ............................................................................ 526

5.11.2.1 Ground loop ...................................................................................... 527

Flight Theory PPL(A)(UL)/LAPL Henning Andersen, Midtjysk Flyveskole© 2025 440